it
1. 指事物滹沱河
作为人称代词，it 可以指代除人以外的一切事物。如：
I dropped my watch and it broke. 我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。
It’s hard work, but I enjoy it. 工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。
“Where is the dog?”
“It’s in the bedroom. ” “狗在哪?”“在卧室里”。
2. 指人
it 指人主要用于指性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。如： dnvIs it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩?
There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman. 有人在敲门，一定是邮递员。
【说明】在答语中，常用来指本人，如回答有人敲门时说：
--Who is it?
--It’s me。
3. 代替某些代词
代词 it 还可用于代替指示代词this, that 以及复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing等。如：
主题词“What’s this?” “It’s a new machine. ” “这是什么?”“是一种新机器”。
Nothing is wrong, is it? 没出什么问题，是吗?
二、it 作非人称代词的用法陕西林业科技
1. 基本用法
it 作非人称代词的用法，主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象。如：
It’s too late to go there now. 现在去那儿已经太迟了。
It rained all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雨。
It can get very hot here. 这里有时会很热。
2. 用于某些句型
It’s time for sth. 该做某事了。
It’s time to do sth. 该做某事的时候了。
It’s time for sb to do sth. 某人该干某事了。
It’s (about / high) time + that-从句. 某人该做某事了。(从句谓语用过去式，有时也用“shoul
It’s the first (second…last) time + that-从句. 某人第几次干某事。(从句谓语用现在完成时)
朝医学
It is/has been + 时间段 + since-从句. 自从……有一段时间了。
It’s + 时间段 + before-从句. 过多长的时间才……
三、强调it
北重阿尔斯通强调句型（结构）的基本形式为：
It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他部分
1.前面句子的主语永远是It；
2. 谓语动词动词用is还是was,要看句子原来的时态，若是现在时就用is,若是过去时则用was;
3.that/who的选择：若被强调的是人，则可用that,也可用who;若被强调的是物，则只能用th
at;
4.该句型可强调除谓语动词以外的几乎所有其他成分。
如：
I met an old friend in the street yesterday.
It was I that/who met an old friend in the street yesterday.
It was an old friend that I met in the street yesterday.
It was in the street that I met an old friend yesterday.
It was yesterday that I met an old friend in the street.
附：强调谓语动词用加助动词do/does或did来实现。如：
I did meet an old friend in the street yesterday.
四、it用作形式主语
1. 基本用法
当to do…、doing…、主语从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时，为保持句子平衡，通常把真正的主语放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语it。如：
It’s very important to remember this. 记住这一点很重要。
It’s hard work climbing mountains. 爬山是费劲的事。
It’s unknown when he will come. 他什么时候来还不知道。
2. 用作形式主语的的重要句型
(1) It + be + adj. for (of) sb to do sth 某人做某事……
It is hard for him to make up his mind. 他很难下定决心。
It was foolish of her to say such a thing. 她说那样的话，真是太蠢了。
【说明】介词 of 与 for 的区别是：空后的名词或代词倒过来和前面的形容词有逻辑上的主
谓关系的用of,若无则用for.如上面第一句不能说He is hard,故用for,而第二句中，可以说She is foolish,故用of。
(2) It takes sb +some time + to do sth. 某人做某事花了……时间
It takes years to master a new language. 要花多年的时间才能掌握一门新的语言。
【说明】此句型可以有以下多变种变体：It took me an hour to write the letter. =The letter took me an hour (to write). =I took an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了一个小时。
(3) It is up to sb to do sth. 该由某人做某事
It’s up to you to to make the choice. 得由你来作选择。
(4) it look (seem, appear, happen, occur) that [as if]… 似乎……
It seemed as though he didn’t recognize me. 他似乎没认出我来。
It happened that I was out when he called. 他打电话时我碰巧不在家。
(5) If it were not for… / If it hadn’t been for… 若不是因为……
If it were not for their help, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. 要不是他们帮助，这些困难我们不克服不了的。
1. 基本用法
当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+todo(doing或clause)”。如：
I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。
I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。
We think it no use complaining. 我们认为抱怨是没有用的。
2. 动词 + it + 介词短语+ that-从句。如：
I owe it to you that I am still alive. 多亏有你我才仍然活着。
I took it for granted that he would help us. 我认为他会帮助我们的。
【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有take it for granted, bring it to sb’s attention, owe it to sb 等。
六、联系纽带作用
此用法中it没有实际意思，也不用翻译出来，只是在句子中起联系纽带作用。主要用以下三种情况：
(1) 动词+ it + that-从句。如：
I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。
I take it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。
You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排的。
Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign. 据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职。
【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 have, take, put, like 等。
(2) 动词 + it + when (if)-从句。如：
I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。
I hate it when people speak with their mouth full.
Many women dislike it when men smoke in their presence.
许多女士不喜欢男士们当着她们的面吸烟。
I dislike it when others laugh at me in public or think poorly of me behind.
I'd prefer it if I didn't have to do so much work.
要是我不必做那么多工作就太好了。
We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。
I’d prefer it if I did n’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。
I'd prefer_it if I didn't have to get up early on Sundays.
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