软土地基上新老拼接桥梁典型病害分析

科技进步奖城市道桥与防洪
2019年5月第5期
表1
桥梁下部结构基础形式
桥梁
主桥
引桥
桩基础,桩长
30m 桥台:桩基础,桩长6m 桥墩:靠近河道的部分桥墩采用桩基础,桩长6~12m ,其余桥墩采用扩大基础新桥
桩基础,桩长32m
桥台、桥墩均采用桩基础,桩长32~34m
要:首先介绍了老桥拓宽改建的意义和常用方法,接着以上海软体地基上一座新老拼接桥梁为例,
对因外部环境变化而引起的新老桥间不均匀沉降并由此造成的典型病害进行分析,对桥梁的沉降趋势进行了跟踪监测,最后提出了合理处治建议。在老桥拓宽改造制定方案时,不仅要考虑当下的各种设计、施工因素,还要考虑到后期运营阶段可能发生的问题;要根据相关法规、标准做好各项工作,确保桥梁运行安全。关键词:软土地基;老桥拓宽;拼接;病害分析;沉降中图分类号:U445.7+1
文献标志码:B
文章编号:1009-7716(2019)05-0225-03比较文学与世界文学
软土地基上新老拼接桥梁典型病害分析
收稿日期:2018-12-29
作者简介:王力冬(1983—),男,学士,总工助理,
工程师,从事桥梁检测与评估工作。
0引言
随着我国城镇化进程的加快,许多城市道路
上老桥的桥面宽度已无法满足当前交通量的需
求,成为制约交通的“瓶颈”
。受经济、工期、现有交通等诸多因素影响,简单地封闭交通、
英联邦成员国
拆除旧桥重建新桥的方案大多不可取;在不中断交通的情况下,有效利用老桥进行拓宽改造不失为一种既有经济效益又有社会效益的选择[1]。
桥梁拓宽方法有多种,其中在老桥单侧或两侧新建桥梁,将新老桥梁拼接到一起的方法目前
应用较多。就具体拼接方案来看,
目前主要有上下部结构均互相独立,上下部结构均连接及上部结构相互连接、下部结构独立三种。设计人员有时基于满足行车舒适性要求,同时考虑到老桥运营多
年地基土体已压实,基础沉降趋于稳定,
会将新老桥设计为上下部结构互相独立、桥面铺装连成整
体的拼接方案。从设计阶段看,
该拼接方案无明显不妥之处,但在后期运营中,
当桥梁周边环境发生改变,且该种变化又会扰动桥梁原有地基土体时,就有可能造成新老桥梁出现沉降不协调的现象,
并引发桥梁病害,尤其是软土地基上的桥梁,
受土体扰动后的变形沉降更明显,
病害更突出。本文以上海市区某新旧拼接桥梁为例,对桥梁因外部环
境变化而产生的典型病害进行分析。
1桥梁概况
该桥位于上海市区,为一座新老拼接桥梁。桥
梁横向分三幅,中幅为老桥,建于1977年,东西两
边幅为1999年拓宽桥梁。新老桥结构间互相独立,为保证行车舒适性,新老桥面采用钢筋混凝土连
续铺装。桥梁分主桥和南北引桥。其中,
主桥上部结构均采用三跨变截面预应力混凝土连续梁,
跨径为25m+46m+25m ;南北引桥分别为六孔和九
孔简支梁,
跨径在12.8~16.0m 不等。上部结构老桥采用预应力混凝土简支空腹矮T 梁,拓宽桥梁则采用预应力混凝土简支空心板梁。桥面在6#和9#桥墩处设梳齿板式伸缩缝,其余墩台处均设置
RG-40型钢伸缩缝,全桥设计荷载为汽车-20级、
挂车-100验算。新老桥梁上部结构形式基本相同,下部结构基础存在明显差异,且桥梁存在的病害与下部结构基础形式密切相关,故将桥梁下部结构基本信息列于表1,新老桥梁立面示意如图1、图2所示。
王力冬
(上海同丰工程咨询有限公司,上海市200444)
曝斯坦福校长学术不端
DOI:10.16799/jki.csdqyfh.2019.05.062
管理施工225
城市道桥与防洪
2019年5月第5期
2典型病害分析
桥梁自拓宽改建后,技术状况稳定,
运行情况良好;但近年来,该桥周边不断有高层建筑施工、地铁盾构穿越等扰动桥梁原有基础相对平衡的施
工行为。受业主委托,对全桥进行外观检查,发现主桥状况良好,但南北引桥受施工影响明显,
老桥较两侧拓宽桥梁有明显相对沉降,新老桥梁并由此产生了一些病害。现将几处典型病害及原因分析阐述如下。
2.1中幅老桥主梁悬空
中幅老桥引桥各孔横桥向两侧部分主梁支座
存在脱空,梁体处于悬挂状态。经测量,
每个桥墩横向一排支座中,脱空高度最大处均位于老桥两侧的边主梁下方(3#、14#主梁),最大悬空量达
109mm (位于18#台3#梁东侧支座),
其余支座脱空高度由两侧向桥宽中心线方向递减,老桥上部
吡啶甲胺
结构主梁底面横向呈“悬链线”状(见图3),这对主
梁及下部结构的受力极为不利。
老桥引桥部分主梁悬空是由于老桥墩台多为扩
大浅基础,有些桥墩虽设桩基,
但桩长也仅6~12m ,受周边施工作业扰动影响明显,发生竖向沉降大。而拓宽桥墩为钻孔灌注桩基础,桩长32~34m ,相
对沉降小,导致老桥墩与拓宽桥墩出现明显相对
不均匀沉降。老桥墩沉降后,
其支承的空腹矮T 梁也应随之下落,但因新老桥面钢筋混凝土铺装层连接在一起,导致老桥两侧数榀主梁受拓宽主梁牵拽作用下落受阻而处于悬挂状态。2.2拓宽主梁端部斜向开裂
老桥两侧拓宽桥梁的A 、B 、N 、P 、Q 、R 孔的2#和15#主梁,M 、O 孔2#主梁以及P 孔15#主梁在
梁端2.0m 范围内腹板表面出现多条斜向裂缝
裂缝宽度在0.1~0.6mm ,与水平向夹角约45°。
出现斜裂缝的主梁均为拓宽桥梁的内边梁,也就是靠近中幅老桥侧的主梁,中幅老桥被架空后,这些主梁的自重及其分担的活载均通过桥面铺装传递给了相邻拓宽主梁上,使得拓宽主梁的负荷大幅增加,导致梁端出现斜截面裂缝(见图4)。
2.3拓宽桥墩立柱开裂
拓宽桥梁的1#~3#、10#~17#桥墩各立柱均出
现多条水平向半环状裂缝。其中,14-10#立柱裂缝
宽度达2.5mm ,从裂缝分布位置看,
基本分布于除面向中幅老桥一侧面外的其余三个侧面,且裂缝宽度越接近柱顶越宽。这是由于中幅老桥两侧主
梁被架空后,因桥面铺装牵拽作用,
在拓宽墩柱顶部产生附加偏心力,使立柱受力状态发生改变所致(见图5)。
图3老桥两侧部分主梁处于悬挂状态(阴影部分表示老桥被架空、悬挂的主梁
图1老桥立面示意图(单位:mm )
图2新桥立面示意图(单位:mm
图4拓宽主梁端部腹板斜
裂缝
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2019年5月第5期
2.4其他结构性病害
中幅老桥南引桥M 、N 、O 、P 、Q 和R 的4#、5#、12#、13#空腹矮T 梁东西两侧翼缘板底面均出现
沿跨长贯通的纵向裂缝,
最大裂缝宽度达0.6mm 。翼缘板底面存在纵向裂缝的主梁较其他主梁比,有悬空高度大且承受活载大的特点,纵向裂缝为翼缘板横向受弯所致。
东幅桥1#、16#、17#桥墩盖梁,西幅桥1#、2#、
5#、17#桥墩盖梁的南北两侧面均分布有数条自上
而下发展的竖向裂缝。裂缝形态均呈上宽下窄,
且均分布在与中幅老桥相毗邻一侧的盖梁悬臂根部,最大裂缝宽度为0.3mm ,为桥墩盖梁负弯矩裂缝。
3墩台沉降监测
此次检查时,桥梁周边的高层建筑施工基本结束,但地铁盾构施工仍在继续。为了解桥梁沉降
趋势,在新老桥梁各墩台布置了沉降观测点,
并进行初始高程测量,后分别间隔1个月、3个月、3个月进
行了三次跟踪监测,
沉降曲线如图6~图8所示。《建筑变形测量规范》(JGJ 8—2016)第7.1.5
条规定:“建筑沉降是否进入稳定阶段,应由沉降量与时间关系曲线判定,当最后100d 的沉降速率小于0.01~0.04mm/d 时,可认为已进入稳定阶段,
具体取值宜根据各地区地基土的压缩性能确定[2]。
”据此并考虑上海地处长江三角洲冲击平原,地质松软,故判定该桥沉降稳定与否的沉降速率可取规范的下限值0.01mm/d 。
经第四次沉降监测且与前一次沉降数据比较可知,中幅老桥0#~3#、11#~18#墩台,东幅拓宽桥梁0#~1#、12#~18#墩台,西幅拓宽桥梁0#~3#、5#、11#~18#墩台的沉降速率均超过0.01mm/d ,表明该桥受周边施工影响;引桥大部分墩台目前沉降
尚未稳定,仍需加强定期监测。中幅老桥,
东侧、西侧拓宽桥梁基础的沉降速率最大值分别为
0.06mm/d (16#墩)、0.04mm/d (17#墩)
和0.03mm/d (16#墩),表明老桥基础的沉降速率仍大于两侧拓
宽桥,
新老桥梁间不均匀沉降仍在持续,桥梁存在的既有病害有继续恶化的趋势。建议及时采取措
施,对新老桥梁桥面铺装进行彻底分割,
实现两者的完全分离。
4结语
老桥拓宽改造在制定新老桥拼接方案时,
设计人员不仅要考虑原桥技术状况、
沿线地质条件、合理的横向连接方式以及在不中断原桥交通的条件下合理的新桥施工方法等因素,还要具有前瞻
性,在桥梁后期运营阶段,
当周边环境发生改变并对桥梁产生影响时,拼接方法要能满足新老桥梁结构间的变形协调。桥梁管养部门要依据相关法
规、标准做好桥梁安全保护区域的管理[3],
对在桥梁保护区域内实施的限制性作业行为要做好方案
审批、过程监测等工作,
确保桥梁运行安全。参考文献:
[1]缪锋.旧桥拓宽改造风险评估与控制[J].福建工程学院学报,
2016,14(1):10-14.
[2]JGJ 8—2016,建筑变形测量规范[S].
[3]CJJ 99—2017,城市桥梁养护技术标准[S].
图5
拓宽桥墩立柱水平向半环状
裂缝
图6中幅老桥各墩台沉降曲线
图7东幅拓宽桥梁各墩台沉降曲线
图8西幅拓宽桥梁各墩台沉降曲
线
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technology.The result shows that the appearance cracks at the crack inspection site basically disappear, meeting the standard requirement.The drilling and coring detection are carried out subsequently.The original cracks are fully filled and compacted.The appearance effect is good.The compression test of core also meets the design requirements,and the expected objective is achieved.
Keywords:concrete crack,crack cause,control,measures,grouting
Analysis and Maintenance of Hinge Joint Disease of Fabricated Hollow Slab Girder Sheng Lingli(218) Abstract:The hinge joint performance of fabricated hollow slab girder will directly influence the whole working performance of slab girder.More attention should be paid to this kind of disease in the process of bridge inspection and maintenance.This paper summarizes the apparent disease caused by the failure of hinge joint,analyzes the causes of hinge joint failure and puts forward the maintenance method of hinge joint.
Keywords:hollow slab girder,inspection and maintenance,apparent disease,maintenance of hinge joint
Discussion on Design and Construction Problems of Maintenance Channel Reconstruction Scheme for Main Girder Side Span Weight Zone of Guanhe River Bridge in Yancheng Gao Naixiang(221) Abstract:The Guanhe River Bridge in Yancheng is a large steel-concrete composite beam cable-stayed bridge operated for more than10years in the coastal expressway of Jiangsu.There is no similar precedent to add a fixed maintenance channel on this kind of bridge in Jiangsu Province.Combined with the reconstruction design scheme of the maintenance channel for this large bridge,this paper introduces the design thought and idea of the maintenance channel of this bridge,discusses some problems existing in the design and construction.The achievements can be referred for the similar bridges.
Keywords:overlarge bridge,maintenance channel,maintenance,saddle weight
Analysis on Typical Diseases of Old and New Spliced Bridges on Soft Soil Foundation Wang Lidong(225) Abstract:This paper introduces the significance and the commend methods to widen and reconstruct the old bridges,analyzes the differential settlement between the old and new bridges caused by the change of external environment and from this the caused typical diseases by an example of an old and new spliced bridge on the soft soil foundation in Shanghai,introduces the tracking monitoring of bridge settlement trend, and puts forward the reasonable treatment proposal.T
he formulation of the old bridge widening and reconstruction scheme should not only consider various present design and construction factors,but also consider the problems possibly caused in the later operation stage.All the work should be done well according to the relative laws,standards and regulations,and the operation safety of bridge should be ensured.
Keywords:soft soil foundation,widening of old bridge,splicing,disease analysis,settlement
Study on Comprehensive Treatment Scheme of Inverted Arch Cracking in Wuzi Mountain Tunnel
Wang Kejun(228) Abstract:Based on the investigation of the cracks in the inverted arch of Wuzi Mountain Tunnel of Tianyong Expressway,and analysis of the crack causes,this paper comprehensively considers four aspects of dewatering drainage,foundation reinforcement,lining structure strengthening and pavement reinforcement of the tunnel,and formulates the inverted arch crack treatment scheme.And the in-tunnel convergence and vault settlement deformation are monitored during the implementation of the scheme.The result shows that the tunnel inverted arch crack treatment scheme formulated according to the above four aspects is reasonable and feasible.After the tunnel is treated according to the scheme,the development of tunnel cracks is effectively inhibited,which provides a guarantee for the safe operation of the tunnel in the later stage.
It also provides valuable reference materials for the formulation of the similar engineering treatment schemes.
Keywords:tunnel engineering,disease of inverted arch,treatment scheme,monitoring measurement STUDY ON SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGY
Analysis of Soil Disturbance Caused by Tunneling of Double-circle Shield Tunnel(DOT)in Soft Soil Stratum
Chen Xiaoliang,Zhou Songguo,Zhu Shiyu(232) Abstract:DOT has the characteristics of special section and relatively large excavation area.Its tunneling will cause the larger disturbance of stratum.And too large soil disturbance usually leads to a series of environmental diseases.Relying on a DOT project of metro in Shanghai,3D elastic-plastic finite difference model is established to calculate and analyze the distribution of surface displacement field and soil mass stress field caused by DOT tunneling.The calculation result of the numerical model and the field monitoring data are compared and verified.
The study results show that the transverse distribution of surface deformation caused by the DOT construction is basically in line with the normal distribution.And the influence area is mainly concentr
ated in the2times of the shield width on both sides of the axis.At the time of the incision,the surface of the earth is raised,while the rear soil mass is sinking after the shield tail leaves.The longitudinal settlement of the ground surface is stabilized gradually from20rings.The influence of shield tunneling on the lower soil is relatively small,the earth pressure at the bottom of the shield is the minimum and the earth pressure increment is the maximum in the upper part of the axis in shield.The study results can provide some theoretical basis and prophase guidance for the similar projects in the future.
Keywords:soft soil stratum,double-circle shield tunnel(DOT),surface settlement,earth pressure distribution,finite difference method

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