中俄“海上联合-2014”联合军演22日开始进入实兵演练阶段。随着重要海上科目逐步展开，一些外军的军机、战舰也加大了侦察频率。那么这些演习场边缘的“不速之客”到底想获得什么信息？对他们又有什么用途？ 猛小蛇 空中侦察窥探电子情报
视野宽广、活动自由的天空成为这场侦察与反侦察斗争的主战场。据介绍，参演的8架中国“飞豹”战机除了扮演蓝军角外，还承担着驱逐外国军机的任务。美日等国通常喜欢派出RC-135、EP-3、RQ-4等多种机型实施侦察。他们主要的目的是电子侦察，美军内部称之为“电子支援”。 这类空中侦察大体分为两类，即信号情报侦察和电子情报侦察。信号情报主要是无线电通信信号的截获和分析，例如空地之间的无线电对话、指挥所调动部队的指令或者卫星通信。电子情报侦察包括侦察各种雷达信号、遥测信号等。侦察机会收集各种雷达信号特征，如频率、脉冲重复频率、扫描周期等，以确定雷达型号，同时通过特殊算法确定其位置。这些数 好梦何必成真据都会录入美军数据库，一旦发生冲突，美军就会根据这个数据库来制定作战计划，确定如何干扰或者摧毁对应的雷达站。由于某些厘米波、毫米波雷达信号会随着在大气层内转播而快速衰减，距离太远就很难截获到，因此美日侦察机经常在演习区域边缘尽量“贴身紧跟”。r2v
另外，位于中国周边的地面监听站也会竖起耳朵侦听中俄海上演习。从理论上说，位于澳大利亚、日本、韩国的美军监听站都能监听此次海上演习。这些监听站拥有令人叹为观止的众多大型天线，通常包裹在巨大的球形天线罩内，可对军民用电话、电报、传真以及包括短波、民用航空和航海通信在内的各种无线电信号进行窃听。
战与决
制造机会刺探对手反应速度
对心怀鬼胎的窥探者而言，演习还提供了另一个重要机会。通常战舰或军机的火控雷达平时处于关机状态，相关信号特征很难被外部获知。而演习时往往有大量的火控雷达开机，侦察机可趁机截获火控雷达的信号。由于火控雷达负责控制火炮和导弹，战时如果它被干扰，火炮和导弹就会成为瞎子。此外导弹射击时，靠近到一定范围的侦察机还能截获导弹导引头的信号，为对付、干扰导弹攻击积累数据。 值得注意的是，此前在对俄罗斯侦察时，美国侦察机曾多次故意靠近俄领空飞行，制造紧张气氛，此举一方面试探对方的防空体系反应速度和应对机制，另一方面迫使对方开启平时隐藏起来的应急雷达，趁机对其位置、信号特征进行侦察。
反潜招数也是关注重点
除了空中侦察机外，外军舰艇也是演习区域外常见的“不速之客”，诸如近几年频频在东海、南海捣乱的“无瑕”号海洋监测船。这类侦察船一方面可探测海底地形、水温等情况，为其潜艇到附近水域活动绘制海图，另一方面可探测参演潜艇的噪音和水声信号，为日后反潜作战积累数据。另一些驱逐舰、护卫舰往往也爱来“凑热闹”。除了利用舰载侦察设备进行对空、对潜和对水面舰艇的侦察外，还可目视观察和记录演习科目，这种观察更直观，是判断参演方训练水平的重要依据。对这次中俄演习而言，通过两国舰艇混编的情况，也可判断双方协同作战的水平。
中国海军专家李杰22日告诉《环球时报》记者，海上演习时，参演方出动的舰艇数量、编队方式、演练具体科目时采取的战术等宏观信息也能透露很多秘密。例如在这次中俄演习的搜潜科目中，两国出动哪些舰艇对付水下目标，各自采用什么队形和步骤、动用哪些
舰载装备等信息，美日就非常关注。他表示，美日潜艇频繁在东海附近活动，是因为它们迫切需要这些第一手的信息对中俄联手反潜的能力进行评估。
将美军侦察当成磨炼机会
美国对这次演习构建的立体侦察网，无疑是中俄参演部队面临的一个重大挑战。随着技术的发展，这些偷窥者还带来新的难题。例如“全球鹰”这样的无人机没有驾驶员，即使派出拦截飞机驱逐，美军也可以无人机看不见驱赶动作为由拒绝离开。军事专家尹卓表示，美国对中俄军演严密的电子侦察，既是挑战，也是一项重要的训练内容。中俄军演一方面要关注这些问题，严格管制通讯、雷达和声吶等各种辐射源，同时不应该放弃这个训练机会，可在演习的电子对抗中将其考虑进去，使训练环境更逼真，更接近实战。
"Joint - 2014" joint military exercise between China and Russia 22 began to real practice stage. As important maritime subjects gradually expand, some foreign military aircraft and ships also increased the frequency of reconnaissance. Then these YanXiChang on the edge of the "intruder" exactly what I wanted to get information? What's the purpose to them?东方快译
Aerial reconnaissance on electronic intelligence
A wide field of vision, activity free sky become a key battleground in the struggle of the reconnaissance and anti reconnaissance. According to introducing, in the eight Chinese state-run "aircraft in addition to the blues' role, also undertake the task of the expulsion of foreign military aircraft. America and Japan and other countries usually like to send the RC - 135, the EP - 3, rq-4 implement reconnaissance aircraft. Their main purpose is to electronic reconnaissance, the internal call "electronic support.
黄河视觉This kind of aerial reconnaissance generally fall into two categories, namely, signals intelligence reconnaissance and electronic intelligence reconnaissance. Signals intelligence is mainly radio communication signal intercept and analysis, such as clearing radio conversation between instructions or satellite communications, command post to mobilize troops. The electronic intelligence reconnaissance including various radar signal reconnaissance, remote signal, etc. Reconnaissance opportunity to gather all kinds of radar signal characteristics, such as frequency, pulse repetition frequency, scanning cycle,
etc., to determine radar model, at the same time, through the special algorithm to determine its position. These data will be input the database, in the event of conflict, the troops would combat plan according to the database, to determine how to disturb or destroy the corresponding radar station. Due to certain centimeter-wave, millimeter wave radar signal with broadcast and fast attenuation in the atmosphere, the distance is difficult to intercept, so Japan spy plane on the of the exercise area often try to "follow" close.
In addition, is located in the surrounding ground listening posts will also ears listening exercises at sea between China and Russia. In theory, in Australia, Japan, South Korea's military listening posts can monitor the naval exercises. These listening posts with breathtaking many large antenna group, usually wrapped inside large spherical radome, can be used for military and civilian telephone, telegraph, fax, and including shortwave, civil aviation and maritime communication, all kinds of radio signal is tapped.
Create spy on reaction rate
In terms of having a bunch of toms, exercise also provides another important opportunity. Usually ships or aircraft of the fire control radar was turned off at ordinary times, related signal characteristics are difficult to outside sources. And exercise often have a lot of fire control radar boot, aircraft can be taken advantage of the interception of fire control radar signal. Due to the fire control radar is responsible for the control of guns and missile, if it was in wartime, artillery and missiles will be blind. Moreover missile shooting, near to a range of scout can also intercept missile seeker signal, to deal with, interference missile attack data accumulation.
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