摘要
发明是推动社会发展和科学进步的重要力量，职务发明在发明中占据着绝对的主导地位。随着我国大力推进知识产权建设，职务发明作为发明专利的重要内容越来越受到重视。近几年，我国知识产权发展迅速，职务发明的专利申请量等指标已经达到了世界前列，但仍然存在着职务发明界定不清，单位地位过于强势、激励机制后劲不足的问题，总之，现行的职务发明相关法律已经不能适应我国科学技术发展。为进一步完善我国职务发明制度、促进发明成果转化，提高发明人的创新积极性，探讨如何完善我国职务发明立法具有十分重要的意义。 本文主要采用文献研究法、实证分析法和比较分析法对我国职务发明立法进行研究，本文主要分为四个部分。第一部分是绪论。该部分包括研究背景及意义、国内外研究现状、研究内容和研究方法以及职务发明、职务发明权利归属和职务发明激励机制的概念辨析，为后文的展开奠定基础。第二部分是国外职务发明立法考察。该部分主要从职务发明的认定标准、权利归属和激励机制三个方面对各国立法进行考察并学习各国成功的立法经验。第三部分是我国职务发明立法及其存在的问题。该部分介绍了我国现行职务发明的立法特点，结合司法实践提出我国职务发明立法存在不足导致的主要问题，即职务发明界定不清、单位地位过于强势、激励机制后劲不足，并对其进行成因分析。第四部分是完善我国职务发明立法的对策。针对我国现有问题，结合国外的立法经验，从职务发明认定标准、权利归属和激励机制三个方面，提出完善我国职务发明立法的对策建议。 关键词：职务发明；认定标准；权利归属；激励机制
The Improvement of the Legislation on Service Invention in China
Abstract
Inventions are an important force to promote social development and scientific progress,and service inventions occupy an absolute dominant position in inventions.As China vigorously promotes the construction of intellectual property rights,service inventions have received more and more attention as an important content of invention patents.In recent years,my country's intellectual property rights have developed rapidly,and indicators such as the number of patent applications for service inventions have reached the forefront of the world.However,there are still problems such as unclear definition of service inventions,excessively strong unit status,and insufficient stamina for the incentive mechanism of service inventions.The current laws on service inventions have been unable to adapt to the development of science and technology in China.In order to further improve China's service invention system,promote the transformation of invention achievements, and increase the inventor's enthusiasm for innovation,it is of great significance to explore how to perfect China's service invention legislation.
This article mainly adopts the literature research method,empirical analysis method and comparative a
nalysis method to study China's service invention legislation.This article is mainly divided into four parts.The first part is an introduction.This part includes the research background and significance,research status at home and abroad,research content and research methods,and the concept analysis of the service invention,the ownership of the service invention rights and the service invention incentive mechanism,which lay the foundation for the later development.The second part is the investigation of foreign service invention legislation.This part mainly examines the legislation of various countries and learns the successful legislative experience of various countries from the three aspects of the recognition standard of service inventions,right attribution and incentive mechanism.The third part is the legislation of China's service invention and its existing problems.This part introduces the legislative characteristics of the current service inventions in our country,and puts forward the main problems caused by the inadequacy of China's service invention legislation in combination with judicial practice,that is,the definition of service inventions is unclear,the unit status is too strong,and The incentive mechanism of the service invention is insufficient.And analyze the cause.The fourth part is the countermeasures to perfect the legislation of service invention in China.Aiming at the existing problems in our country and
combining foreign legislative experience,we propose countermeasures and suggestions to improve the
legislation of our service invention from the three aspects of service invention recognition standard,right attribution and incentive mechanism.
Key Words：service invention;recognition standard;right attribution;incentive mechanism
目录
摘要.............................................................................................................................III 1绪论. (1)
1.1研究背景及意义 (1)
1.1.1研究背景 (1)
1.1.2研究意义 (1)
1.2国内外研究现状 (2)
1.2.1国外研究现状 (2)
1.2.2国内研究现状 (3)
1.3研究内容和研究方法 (4)
1.3.1研究内容 (4)
1.3.2研究方法 (5)
1.4相关概念释义 (5)
1.4.1职务发明 (5)
1.4.2职务发明权利归属 (6)
1.4.3职务发明激励机制 (7)
2国外职务发明立法考察 (9)
2.1职务发明的认定标准 (9)
2.1.1兼备雇员职责和雇主业务范围 (9)
2.1.2雇员职责（经验）或雇主资源 (9)
2.2职务发明的权利归属模式 (10)
2.2.1雇主优先 (10)
2.2.2雇员优先 (11)
2.3职务发明的激励机制 (12)
2.3.1对价补偿 (12)
2.3.2额外报酬 (13)
2.3.3合理利益 (14)
2.4小结 (14)
3我国职务发明立法及其存在的主要问题 (16)
3.1我国职务发明的相关立法 (16)
3.1.1职责与资源二元认定标准 (16)
3.1.2雇主优先的权利归属原则 (16)
3.1.3奖酬为主的激励机制 (17)
3.2我国职务发明立法存在的主要问题 (18)
3.2.1职务发明的界定不清 (18)
3.2.2单位地位过于强势 (20)
3.2.3职务发明的激励机制后劲不足 (20)
3.3我国职务发明立法存在问题的成因 (22)
3.3.1职务发明的认定标准模糊 (22)
3.3.2职务发明权利归属制度僵化 (23)
3.3.3职务发明激励机制种类单一且难以落实 (24)
4完善我国职务发明立法的对策 (26)
4.1明确职务发明的认定标准 (26)
4.1.1缩小职责标准 (26)
4.1.2细化资源标准 (26)
4.2探索职务发明权利归属制度 (27)
4.2.1建立发明报告制度 (27)
4.2.2建立职务发明成果混合所有制度 (28)
4.3建立健全职务发明多元激励机制 (28)
4.3.1建立股权激励机制 (29)
4.3.2健全奖酬激励机制 (30)
结论 (32)
参考文献 (33)
攻读硕士学位期间发表学术论文情况 (36)
致谢 (37)
大连理工大学学位论文版权使用授权书 (38)
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