K eywords t o U nderstand C hina
改革开放40多年来，中国经济社会发展取得巨大成就，几亿贫困人口脱贫，完成这期间全世界超过70%的减贫任务。中共十八大以来，中国通过实施精准扶贫、精准脱贫，加大扶贫投入，创新扶贫方式，扶贫开发工作呈现新局面。2013年至2018年，中国连续6年超额完成千万减贫任务。6年间，全国累计减少贫困人口8239万人，贫困发生率从10.2%下降到1.7%，创造了中国扶贫史上的最好成绩。中国成为世界上减贫人口最多的国家，也是世界上率先完成联合国千年发展目标的国家。但中国的脱贫攻坚形势依然严峻。截至2018年年底，全国农村贫困人口约1660万人，其中相当一部分居住在艰苦边远地区，处于深度贫困状态，属于脱贫攻坚“最重的担子”“最硬的骨头”。让贫困人口和贫困地区同全国一道进入全面小康社会是中国共产党的庄严承诺。中共十九大报告提出坚决打赢脱贫攻坚战，要求动员全党全国全社会力量，坚持精准扶贫、精准脱贫，坚持中央统筹、省负总责、市县抓落实的工作机制，强化党政一把手负总责的责任制，坚持大扶贫格局，注重扶贫同扶志扶智相结合，深入实施东西部扶贫协作，重点攻克深度贫困地区脱贫任务，确保到2020年中国现行标准下农村贫困人口实现脱贫，贫困县全部摘帽，解决区域性整体贫困，做到脱真贫、真脱贫。 THE BATTLE AGAINST POVERTY
Over the 40 years since the launch of reform and opening up in 1978, China has made great economic and social progress. The hundreds of millions of people that China has lifted out of poverty account for over 70 percent of global poverty reduction during the period.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), China has implemented targeted poverty reduction and alleviation measures, increased input in poverty alleviation programs, and found new ways to have the work done. Over the six years from 2013 to 2018, China fulfilled its yearly goals of poverty reduction and helped a total of 82.4 million people emerge from poverty, and the poverty headcount ratio dropped from 10.2 percent to 1.7 percent. All of these represent remarkable achievements.
China has helped more people out of poverty than any other country. It is also the first country in the world to complete the UN Millennium Goal. However, the task still remains tough. By the end of 2018, there were 16.6 million people living in poverty, a significant number of whom live in remote places or border regions under harsh natural conditions. These represent a severe challenge to the Party and the government.
Ensuring that poor people and poor areas enjoy moderately prosperous life together with the rest of th
e country is a solemn promise made by the CPC. The CPC set the task of winning the battle against poverty in its report to the 19th National Congress. It demanded greater efforts to mobilize the energies of the whole Party, the whole country, and the whole of society, and continue to implement targeted poverty reduction and alleviation measures. China will employ a working mechanism whereby the central government makes overall plans, provincial-level governments take overall responsibility, and city and county governments ensure implementation, and it will strengthen the system for making heads of Party committees and governments at each level assume overall responsibility for poverty alleviation.
Poverty alleviation is an all-encompassing campaign. China will pay particular attention to helping people develop confidence in their own ability to lift themselves out of poverty, and see that they can access the education they need in order to succeed. It will strengthen collaboration on poverty alleviation between the eastern and western regions, and provide focused assistance to areas of extreme poverty. By the year 2020, two targets must be reached—that all rural residents living below the current poverty line are lifted out of poverty and that poverty is eliminated in all poor counties and regions. Poverty alleviation should reach those who truly need it and deliver genuine outcomes.
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