英文回答：
Commodity industry contracts can be classified into several categories based on their nature and purpose. The classification of commodity contracts is important as it helps market participants understand the rights and obligations associated with each type of contract. Here are some common categories of commodity industry contracts:
1. Spot Contracts: These contracts involve the immediate purchase or sale of a commodity at the prevailing market price. Spot contracts are typically settled within a short period, often within a few days.
2. Futures Contracts: Futures contracts are agreements to buy or sell a commodity at a predetermined price on a specified future date. These contracts are standardized and traded on commodity exchanges. They are commonly used for hedging against price fluctuations and speculation.
3. Options Contracts: Options contracts give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a commodity at a specified price within a certain period. Options provide flexibility and allow market participants to protect themselves from adverse price movements.
4. Forward Contracts: Similar to futures contracts, forward contracts are agreements to buy or sell a commodity at a predetermined price in the future. However, forward contracts are typically customized and traded over-the-counter (OTC) rather than on exchanges.
5. Swaps: Commodity swaps involve the exchange of cash flows based on the price movements of a commodity. They are often used to manage price risk or to take advantage of differences in commodity pricing.
6. Supply Contracts: These contracts establish the terms and conditions for the purchase or sale of a commodity over a specified period. They typically include details such as quantity, quality, delivery terms, and pricing mechanisms.
7. Storage Contracts: Storage contracts involve the leasing of storage facilities for storing commodities. These contracts are important for managing inventory and ensuring the availability of commodities when needed.
By understanding the different categories of commodity industry contracts, market participants can make informed decisions and effectively manage their exposure to price risk in the volatile commodity markets.
中文回答：
大宗商品行业的合同根据性质和目的可以分为几个类别。合同的分类对于市场参与者来说非常重要，因为它有助于理解每种类型合同所涉及的权利和义务。以下是一些常见的大宗商品行业合同分类：
1. 现货合同：这些合同涉及按照市场现价立即购买或销售大宗商品。现货合同通常在短期内结算，通常在几天内完成。 2. 期货合同：期货合同是以预定价格在指定未来日期购买或销售大宗商品的协议。这些合同 是标准化的，并在商品交易所上交易。它们通常用于对冲价格波动和投机。
3. 期权合同：期权合同赋予持有人在一定期限内以指定价格购买或销售大宗商品的权利，但没有义务。期权提供了灵活性，使市场参与者能够保护自己免受不利价格波动的影响。
4. 远期合同：类似于期货合同，远期合同是在未来的预定价格上购买或销售大宗商品的协议。然而，远期合同通常是定制的，并且在场外交易所（OTC）上交易，而不是在交易所上交易。
5. 掉期合同：大宗商品掉期合同涉及根据大宗商品价格的变动交换现金流。它们通常用于管理价格风险或利用大宗商品定价的差异。
6. 供应合同：这些合同建立了在指定期限内购买或销售大宗商品的条款和条件。它们通常包括数量、质量、交货条件和定价机制等细节。
7. 存储合同：存储合同涉及租赁存储设施用于存储大宗商品。这些合同对于管理库存和确保在需要时大宗商品的可用性非常重要。
通过了解大宗商品行业合同的不同类别，市场参与者可以做出明智的决策，有效地管理在波动的大宗商品市场中的价格风险。
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