Being Gay in China
作者：
来源：《联合国青年技术培训》2013年第红外线视频03期
With the rapid development of LGBT （lesbian， gay， bisexualps123， and transgender） movement， homosexuals in many countries like Netherland， Norway， Sweden， Demark， Finland， Iceland， Australia， New Zealand， Argentina， South Africa， the U.S. and Canada have obtained social and civil rights like marriage and adoption as their heterosexual counterparts.
Following up with a report of the United Nations Human Rights Council （UNHRC） documented violations of the rights of LGBT people， including hate crime， criminalization of homosexuality， and discrimination， the UNHRC adopted its first resolution on LGBT rights in 2011 and urged all countries to enact laws to protect LGBT rights.
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Although China has a history of being tolerant to homosexuality， the LGBT movement is developing relatively slowly. So far， no civil rights law is in place to protect from discrimination or harassment on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity and LGBT people are still facing social discrimination and pressures from different aspects， including the traditional culture and family.
随着拉姆齐定价LGBT运动的迅速发展，同性恋者在许多国家诸如荷兰、挪威、瑞典、丹麦、芬兰、冰岛、澳大利亚、新西兰、阿根廷、南非、美国和加拿大已经在社会权利和民权方面，如婚姻和收养，获得了和异性恋者相同的权利。 联合国人权理事会（UNHRC）的一份报告记录了包括仇视性犯罪、对同性恋行为的刑事定罪和歧视在内违反LGBT权利的行为，随后联合国人权理事会在2011年通过首项LGBT权利决议并要求所有国家制定法律保护LGBT权利。
尽管中国历史上对同性恋采取宽容态度，LGBT运动却相对发展缓慢。目前为止，并没有适当的民权法保护他们免受基于性取向和性别认同的歧视和骚扰，LGBT仍然面临来自包括传统文化和家庭在内的不同方面的社会歧视和压力。 Social Pressure to Marry
and to Reproduce
婚姻和生育的社会压力
The continuation of the family lineage is considered as a very important family duty. As a result， the opposite sex marriage and begetting children become a moral duty and an inescapable obligation to each Chinese. As a Chinese saying goes， "Of all who lack filial piety， the worst is he who has no children”. Under this tradition， homosexuals are definitely under pressure to marry and to produce offsprings. In that sense， it is considered that homosexuality interferes with the bloodline preservation.
In addition， like in many cultures， the Chinese family structure is based on the heterosexual partnership. Therefore， homosexuality is often regarded as “unusual” and even considered shameful to the family. "Traditional Chinese culture defines a marriage as being between a man and a woman. When two men marry，中国渔业政务网 it is regarded as immoral，
" Professor Zhang Beichuan （张北川） at Qingdao University said. Therefore， many homosexuals are not willing to disclose their sexual orientation to their parents and feel guilty coming out to their parents. And many parents with homosexual children never speak with anyone， especially other family members， about what puts them in shame.
With the one-child policy， a further pressure is added to Chinese homosexuals as the child becomes the vessel of all of the hopes and dreams of two people. Many homosexual’s parents still hold out hopes that one day their children will marry the opposite sex or pressure their children to marry the opposite sex， because they want to have grandsons and granddaughters. Therefore， it is uncommon to hear questions and comments like “what about marriage？” and “it is just not right to end up with the same sex” in the family.
家族血脉的延续被视为一项重要的家庭责任，因此异性婚姻和生儿育女成为每个中国人的一项道德义务和不可逃避的责任。中国有句古话：不孝有三，无后为大。在这种传统下，同性恋无疑要迫于压力去结婚生子。在这个意义上，人们认为同性恋妨碍香火的延续。
此外，和许多文化一样，中国的家庭结构是建立在异性伴侣关系基础之上的。因此同性恋通常被视为“不正常的”，甚至是家庭的耻辱。中国传统文化对婚姻的定义是异性婚姻。青岛大学张北川教授说：“人们认为两个男人结婚是不道德的。”因此，许多同性恋不愿意向他们的父母透露他们的性取向并觉得向父母表明性取向有一种负罪感。许多同性恋者的家长从未向任何人尤其是其他家庭成员说起过这件让他们感到羞耻的事情。
独生子女政策加剧了中国同性恋的压力，因为他们承载了父母全部的希望和梦想。许多同性恋者的家长对他们的孩子仍然抱有希望，希望他们有一天会和异性结婚或者迫于压力与异性结婚，因为他们想抱孙子，孙女。在他们的家庭中总是会有这样的声音：“结婚吧？”以及“和同性在一起生活是不应该的。”
Chinese society does not offer a harmonious environment for homosexuals to live freely. Many of them have to conform to the social expectations. As a result， a great number of homosexuals are forced to get married somebody from the opposed sex. " Traditionally， gay men will marry women to hide their sexual orientation， which in many cases brings a lot of pain to the family新华门事件，" said Xiao Tie （小铁）， a program director at t
he Beijing LGBT Center， an organization that provides social services and advocacy programs for local lesbian， gay， bisexual and transgender communities.
In the end， many homosexuals are living a double life. According to Professor Wei Wei （魏伟）， a sociologist from Shanghai’s East China Normal University， as many as 90% of Chinese gays marry the opposite sex， but in western nations very few homosexuals would enter into a heterosexual marriage， as many would remain single or live together or marry other homosexuals.
These “forced” marriages create a “tong qi phenomenon”. “Tong qi” or “homo wives” means the wife of any gay man. It is a unique social phenomenon， which is hardly found outside of China. Professor Li Yinhe estimated that 16 million women are stuck in fake marriages to gay men. In many cases， “tong qi” are unaware of their partner’s true sexual orientation before getting married. “They have either become a tool for carrying on the family line， or become the protective umbrella to conceal their husbands' identity." Professor Zhang Beichuan explained.
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