首字母填空类短文题是近几年中考试题经常采用的题型之一，因为它有非常好的信度和效度，又能拉开考生间的分差、提高区分度。这种题型属于能力测试的范畴，它考查的范围极广，可以是英语知识的方方面面，还可能涉及其它学科。它要求考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来，并且单词形式合理，符合语法规范，符合短文需要。这种试题的首字母已给，所填的就必须是该字母开头的单词。这既是一种限制，又是一种提示。 可是这种题型因难度相对较大，考生失分现象比较严重。学生要仔细阅读全文，利用上下文提供的有关信息，再仔细阅读相关句子，判断所缺单词的句子成分，才能完成练习。完型填空式中考试卷中最难的题型，最能测量考生实际运用语言的能力。要做好此类题目，考生不但要有较强的语感，善于体会上下文的内在联系，而且要有扎实的语言知识储备和较大的词汇量。 考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类。
做好首字母填空要注意以下几点
1. 单词量。
很多学生做不好首字母填空很重要的一点原因是学过的单词没掌握。 每当看到一个首字母，脑子中应该迅速闪过好几个词，然后根据句意选择最合适的一个。或者反过来，用意义对单词，先看句子是什么意思，然后根据意思填出合适的单词。
2.平时注意积累词组、习惯用法和固定搭配。
3. 一定注意上下句的联系。
很多情况下。你要填的单词在上文或者下文出现过了，所以说试卷中不是没有答案，而是你要有一双发现答案的眼睛。还有一个情况是在一句话中，可能会出现反义词，也就是说你要填的单词是上文或下文中一个词的反义词。 4. 利用词性帮助判断。 共沸精馏
根据上下文及该句判断词性， 再结合首字母确定该词的意思。（要有一定的句法知识）
5. 注意检查。
这里有个方法可以一试， 默读， 利用语感和自己的语法知识填空。如果读着不顺，就有可能有错误。中国海洋渔船图集
掌握正确的解题方法和技巧是十分必要的。
◆通读全文，了解大意
短文中虽有一些词未知，但不影响对文章主要内容的理解。在初步阅读中，可以跳过空格，尽量捕捉文章所提供的内容信息，以及语法结构方面的提示，有助于下一步的分析与判断。
◆ 再读全文，理清脉络
通读全文、掌握大意后，还应逐字逐句地仔细阅读，从文意中出句与文、句与句、词与句、词与词之间的关系，尤其是一些不易察觉的、隐含的微妙关系，用已知信息去获取未知信息，以便初步确定答案。在答题过程中，同学们可以把有把握的词先填好，逐步减少空格对阅读造成的障碍，然后再仔细推敲剩下的难题。
◆仔细推敲，确保准确
词义判断正确了不等于答题正确，同学们还应从词法、句法、惯用法等方面考虑答案的准确性。有的学生经过思考确定了一个意思正确的词作为答案，但忽略了从语法角度再进行验证，因而出现了一些与时态、人称等有关的词形变化的错误。如果填的词是名词，首先要考虑到单、复数的问题；如果是动词，要考虑应使用什么时态和语态。
◆注意：填入的词既能使句意通顺，又能做到语法、用词搭配的正确。如bought易误答成buy；lights易误答成light；reaches易误答成reach; heavier易误答成heavy等。 因此，在初步确定答案后，一定还要反复考虑，仔细推敲，确保用词准确
◆复读全文，全面检查
答题完毕后复读全文，进行核查是必不可少的。做完题后，一定要认真检查，尽量减少粗心所致的笔误或拼写错误，对有疑问的地方，更要根据文章的内容、上下文的语法结构、逻辑发展进行反复斟酌，这样才能尽量避免失分。
例题解析：
There was an old man who loved money very much. He n 1 gave anything to anybody. A
fter some years he became r 2 .
One day he was walking near the river with his friends when he fell into the river. His friends ran to help him. One of them held out his hand and cried, “Give me your hand, and I’ll p 3 主人遥控导尿管控制排尿 you out！”The rich m 4 head went down the water a 5 then came up again, but he did not g 6 his hand to his friend. Again another of his friends tried, but again the s 7 thing happened.
Then a 8 friend, Nasreddin, said, “Take my hand and I’ll pull you out!” The rich man took his hand and Nasreddin pulled him out of the water.
“You don’t know your friend very行政审批制度 w 9 .” Nasreddin said to the others. “When you say ‘Give！’ to him, he d 10 nothing, but when you say ‘Take！’ he always takes.”
首字母填空训练：
(1)
Bats(蝙蝠) are the only flying "animals" in the world. It is k 1 to all that they cannot see very well. "As b 2 as a bat" is often heard. Yet, they have no t 3 flying on the darkest ni
ghts and f 4 their way round very well. Why can bats fly and see at night? They fly b 5 "radar(雷达)". The bat's radar w 6 the same way as the radar on ships and planes. As a bat flies t 7 the air, it makes a sound. If the sounds hit t 8 , they will come back and the bat's ears will r 9 the message. In this way, the bat is a 10 to know where the things are. Bats go out for f 11 at night. In the daytime, they hang in some d 12 places.
（2）
Tennis is in its second life. Its first game b 1 in France. The name of the game comes from the French word "tennez". The English men c 2 the game "tennis" when they watched the Frenchmen play 800 years ago.
The Englishmen liked the French game. Tennis courts were built in every park, in every city,
just l 3 today. The two countries played a 4 each other. At first they played for honor. Then they w 5 广谱抗菌素 money. Later people began cheating（欺骗）to get money. Three
hundred years ago the game was forbidden（禁止）to stop the cheating. The game a 6 disappeared. Americans found the old courts when they went to Europe 100 years ago. They learned w 7 they could do about the game. They liked the game as the Englishmen had
b 8 . After returning home, the Americans built tennis courts. Tennis began to become
p 9 in all the United States. Now it is one of the most e 10 games in the world again.
例题答案与简析：
守财奴闹出了笑话。文中谈了一次救人的过程，解题时要根据当时的情况特别注意“give”和“take”的妙用。
1. never. 因为love money,所以他决不会“给予”。never意为“从不”。
2. rich. rich是形容词，作表语。由于从不施舍，几年后他就富有了。
3. pull. ut意为“把……拉出来”。
4. man’s. head 为名词，要选用man的所有格形式。
5. and. 意为“后来又……”。and起并列作用。
6. give. 意为“把……给……”。
7. same. 句意为：又发生了同样的情况。
8. another. another表示不定指的“又一个，另一个”。
9. well. well为副词，know well意思是“很了解”。
10. does. 这句话是引述原话，故用一般现在时。do nothing表示“什么事都不干”。
(3)
There are four people in my family. Every day my parents are very busy t 1 to make money in order to pay the high tuition(学费）for my brother and me. They h 2 say "I love you" or send f 3 to each other. Besides，my father has a bad temper(脾气). It is easy for him to lose his temper w 4 he's very tired from the hard work. I didn't know whether there was love between them u 5 one spring. At that time，my father suddenly got badly sick .My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month. When they returned from the hospital, they both looked very w 6 as if both of them had a serious illness.
After they were back, my mother helped my father walk slowly on the country road every day in the morning and dusk. H 7 after two months my father still couldn't walk by h 8 . All of us were worried about him.
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