Designation:D1250–04
1.Scope
1.1The API MPMS Chapter11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP200/ 04/Adjunct to ASTM D1250–04(ADJD1250CD)for tempera-ture and pressure volume correction factors for generalized crude oils,refined products,and lubricating oils,provides the algorithm and implementation procedure for the correction of temperature and pressure effects on density and volume of liquid hydrocarbons.Natural
gas liquids(NGLs)and liquefied petroleum gases(LPGs)are excluded from consideration.The combination of density and volume correction factors for both temperature and pressure is collectively referred to in the standard/adjunct(s)as a V olume Correction Factor(VCF).The temperature portion of this correction is termed the Correction for the effect of Temperature on Liquid(CTL).The pressure portion is termed the Correction for the effect of Pressure on Liquid(CPL).
1.2Including the pressure correction in API MPMS Chapter 11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D1250–04 (ADJD1250CD)represents an important change from the “temperature only”correction factors given in the1980Petro-leum Measurement Tables.However,if the pressure is one atmosphere(the standard pressure)then there is no pressure correction and the standard/adjunct(s)will give VCF values consistent with the1980Petroleum Measurement Tables. 1.3API MPMS Chapter11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP200/04/ Adjunct to ASTM D1250–04(ADJD1250CD)covers general procedures for the conversion of input data to a form that is consistent with the computation procedures used to generate VCF values.Two sets of procedures are included for comput-ing volume correction factor:one set for data expressed in customary units(temperature in°F,pressure in psig);the other for the metric system of units(temperature in°C,pressure in kPa or bar).In contrast to the1980Petroleum Measurement Tables,the metric proced
ures require the procedure for cus-tomary units be usedfirst to compute density at60°F.This value is then further corrected to give the metric output.The metric procedures now incorporate the base temperature of 20°C in addition to15°C.
1.4The procedures recognize three distinct commodity groups:crude oil,refined products,and lubricating oils.A procedure is also provided for determining volume correction for special applications where the generalized commodity groups’parameters may not adequately represent the thermal expansion properties of the liquid and a precise thermal expansion coefficient has been determined by experiment.
2.Referenced Documents
2.1API Standards:
API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards(MPMS): Chapter11.1–2004Temperature and Pressure V olume Cor-
rection Factors for Generalized Crude Oils,Refined Prod-ucts,and Lubricating Oils3
Chapter11.2.1Compressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons: 0–90°API Gravity Range
Chapter11.2.1M Compressibility Factors for Hydrocar-bons:638–1074Kilograms per Cubic Meter Range
2.2ISO Standards:
ISO91–1:1992Petroleum measurement tables—Part1: Tables based on reference temperatures of15°C and60°F ISO91–2:1991Petroleum measurement tables—Part2: Tables based on a reference temperature of20°C横断面
2.3ASTM Adjuncts:
Adjunct to ASTM D1250:ADJD1250CD—Temperature and Pressure V olume Correction Factors for Generalized Crude Oils,Refined Products,and Lubricating Oils4
3.Sponsorship
3.1The revision of the ASTM/API/IP set of implementa-tion procedures is the result of close cooperation between ASTM International,the American Petroleum Institute(API), and the Energy Institute.2To meet the objective of worldwide standardized measurement practices,it is expected to result in the acceptance of the revised tables by the International Organization for Standardization(IS
O),and specifically ISO/TC28/SC3,as revisions to International Standards ISO 91–1and ISO91–2.API MPMS Chapter11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D1250–04(ADJD1250CD)ap-plies to all crude oils,refined products,and lubricants previ-ously covered by Tables5,6,23,24,53,54,59,and60.The API designation for the complete set of implementation pro-cedures is the Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS)Chapter11Section1.The IP designation for the complete set of implementation procedures is the Adjunct to IP 200.
4.Significance and Use
4.1The expanded limits of API MPMS Chapter11.1–2004/ Adjunct to IP200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D1250–04 (ADJD1250CD)are defined in a mixture of terms of customary and metric units.Table1shows the defining limits and their associated units in bold italics.Also shown in Table1are the limits converted to their equivalent units(and,in the case of the densities,other base temperatures).
4.2Note that only the precision levels of the defining values shown in Table1are correct.The other values showing converted units have been rounded to the significant digits shown;as rounded values,they may numerically fall just outside of the actual limits established by the defining values.
4.3Table2provides a cross-reference between the histori-cal table designations and the corresponding section in API MPMS Chapter11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D1250–04(ADJD1250CD).Note that procedure para-graphs11.1.6.3(U.S.customary units)and11.1.7.3(metric
1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and the API Committee on Petroleum Measurement,and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02/COMQ,the joint ASTM-API Committee on Static Petroleum Measurement.
Current edition approved May1,2004.Published May2004.Originally
approved in1952,replacing former D206and D1090.Last previous edition approved in2002as D1250–80(2002).
2The organization that publishes IP test methods and guides.
3Available on CD-ROM from API.Order Product Number H11013.
4Available on CD-ROM from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.
ADJD1250CD.
units)provide methods for correcting on-line density measure-ments from live conditions to base conditions and then to compute VCF factors for continuous volume corrections to base conditions.
pp
视频加速器4.4When a glass hydrometer is used to measure the density of a liquid,special corrections must be made to account for the thermal expansion of the glass when the temperature is different from that at which the hydrometer was calibrated.The 1980CTL Tables had generalized equations to correct glass hydrometer readings,and these corrections were part of the printed odd-numbered tables.However,detailed procedures to correct a glass hydrometer reading are beyond the scope of API MPMS Chapter 11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 1250–04(ADJD1250CD).The user should refer to the appropriate sections of API MPMS Chapter 9or other appropriate density/hydrometer standards for guidance.
4.5The set of correlations given in API MPMS Chapter 11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 1250–04(ADJD1250CD)is intended for use with petroleum fluids comprising either crude oils,refined products,or lubricating oils that are single-phase liquids under normal operating conditions.The liquid classifications listed here are typical terms used in the industry,but local nomenclature may vary.The list is illustrative and is not meant to be all-inclusive.4.6Crude Oils —A crude oil is considered to conform to the commodity group Generalized Crude Oils if its density falls in the range between approximately –10°API to 100°API.Crude oils that have been stabilized for transportation or storage purposes and whose API gravities lie within that range are considered to be part of the Crude Oil group.Also,aviation jet B (JP-4)is best represented by the Crude Oil correlation.4.7Refined Products —A refined product is considered to conform to the commodity group of Generalized Refined Products if the fluid falls within one of the refined product groups.Note the product descriptors are generalizations.The commercial specification ranges of some products may place their densities partly within an adjacent class (for example,a low density diesel may lie in the jet fuel class).In such cases,the product should be allocated to the class appropriate to its density,not its descriptor.The groups are defined as follows:4.7.1Gasoline —Motor gasoline and unfinished gasoline blending stock with a base density range between approxi-mately 50°API and 85°API.This group includes substances with the commercial identification of:premium gasoline,unlea
ded gasoline,motor spirit,clear gasoline,low lead gas,motor gasoline,catalyst gas,alkylate,catalytic cracked gaso-line,naphtha,reformulated gasoline,and aviation gasoline.4.7.2Jet Fuels —Jet fuels,kerosene,and Stoddard solvents with a base density range between approximately 37°API and 50°API.This group includes substances with the commercial identification of:aviation kerosene K1and K2,aviation jet A and A-1,kerosene,Stoddard solvent,JP-5and JP-8.
4.7.3Fuel Oils —Diesel oils,heating oils,and fuel oils with a base density range between approximately –10°API and 37°API.This group includes substances with the commercial identification of:No.6fuel oil,fuel oil PA,low sulfur fuel oil,LT (low temperature)fuel oil,fuel oil,fuel oils LLS (light low sulfur),No.2furnace oil,furnace oil,auto diesel,gas oil,No.2burner fuel,diesel fuel,heating oil,and premium diesel.
4.8Lubricating Oils —A lubricating oil is considered to conform to the commodity group Generalized Lubricating Oils if it is a base stock derived from crude oil fractions by distillation or asphalt precipitation.For the purpose of API MPMS Chapter 11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 1250–04(ADJD1250CD),lubricating oils have ini-tial boiling points greater than 700°F (370°C)and densities in the range between approximately –10°API to 45°API.
4.9Special Applications —Liquids that are assigned the special applications category are generally relatively pure products or homogeneous mixtures with stable (unchanging)安息香缩合
TABLE 1Range Limits A
Physical Units
Crude Oil
Refined Products
Lubricating Oils
Density,kg/m 3@60°F 610.6to 1163.5610.6to 1163.5800.9to 1163.5Relative Density @60°F 0.61120to 1.164640.61120to 1.164640.80168to 1.1646API Gravity @60°F 100.0to -10.0100.0to -10.045.0to -10.0Density,kg/m 3@15°C 611.16to 1163.79611.16to 1163.86801.25to 1163.85Density,kg/m 3@20°C
606.12to 1161.15606.12to 1160.62798.11to 1160.71Temperature,°C –50.00to 150.00–50.00to 150.00–50.00to 150.00Temperature,°F –58.0to 302.0–58.0to 302.0–58.0to 302.0Pressure,psig 0to 15000to 15000to 1500kPa (gage)0to 1.0343104
0to 1.0343104一切如新
bar (gage)0to 103.4
0to 103.4
0to 103.4
a 60,per °F 230.0310-6to 930.0310-6230.0310-6to 930.0310-6230.0310-6to 930.0310-6a 60,per °C
414.0310-6to 1674.0310-6
414.0310-6to 1674.0310-6
414.0310-6to 1674.0310-6
A
Defining limits and their associated units appear in bold italics .
TABLE 2Historical Table Cross-Reference
Historical Table Designation
Procedure Paragraph in Current Standard
Historical Table Designation
Procedure Paragraph in Current Standard
5A,B &D 11.1.6.253A,B &D 11.1.7.223A,B,&D 11.1.6.259A,B,&D 11.1.7.26A,B,C &D 11.1.6.154A,B,C &D 11.1.7.124A,B,C &D
11.1.6.1
60A,B,C &D
11.1.7.1
chemical composition that are derived from petroleum(or are petroleum-based with minor proportions of other constituents) and have been tested to establish a specific thermal expansion factor for the particularfluid.These tables should be consid-ered for use when:
4.9.1The generalized commodity groups’parameters are suspected of not adequately representing the thermal expansion properties of the liquid.
4.9.2A precise thermal expansion coefficient can be deter-mined by experiment.A minimum of10temperature/density data points is recommended to use this method.See11.1.
5.2of API MPMS Chapter11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D1250–04(ADJD1250CD)for the procedure to calculate the thermal expansion coefficient from measured density data.
4.9.3Buyer and seller agree that,for their purpose,a greater degree of equity can be obtained using factors specifically measured for the liquid involved in the transaction.
4.9.4Specific Examples:
MTBE with an a60value of789.031026°F21
Gasohol with an a60value of714.3431026°F21
4.10Refer to paragraphs11.1.2.4and11.1.2.5in API MPMS Chapter11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D1250–04(ADJD1250CD)for a complete description of the suitability of the implementation procedures for specific hydrocarbon liquids.
5.Historical Background
5.1The1980Petroleum Measurement Tables were based on data obtained using the International Practical Temperature Scale1968(IPTS–68).This has been superseded by the International Temperature Scale1990(ITS–90).API MPMS Chapter11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D1250–04(ADJD1250CD)takes this into account by correct-ing the input temperature values to an IPTS–68basis before any other calculations are performed.Standard densities are also adjusted to take into account the small shifts in the associated standard temperatures.
5.2The accepted value of the standard density of water at 60°F has changed slightly from the value used in the1980 Petroleum Measurement Tables.This new water density only affects those tables ba
sed on relative density and API gravity, that is,the historical Tables5,6,23and24.It also affects the intraconversion tables,API MPMS Chapter11.1–1980V ol-umes XI and XII/Adjunct to ASTM D1250–80 (ADJD125011).5
5.3In1988the IP produced implementation procedures for 20°C(Tables59A,B and D and60A,B and D)by extending the procedures used for the15°C tables.This was in response to the needs of countries that use20°C as their standard temperature.Although API never published these tables,they were adopted internationally as the reference document for International Standard ISO91–2.ISO91–2complements ISO 91–1,the International Standard for temperatures of60°F and 15°C that is based on V olume X of API MPMS Chapter 11.1–1980/Adjunct to IP200/Adjunct to ASTM D1250–80 (ADJD125010).5The2004revision to API MPMS Chapter 11.1/Adjunct to IP200/Adjunct to ASTM D1250 (ADJD1250CD)incorporates the20°C tables.The procedures adopted for the metric tables give results that are identical to those obtained using the60°F tables.Furthermore,these procedures may be adapted to provide tables at any desired temperature base.
5.4Implementation procedures for the lubricating oil tables first appeared in the IP’s Petroleum Measurement Paper No2: Guidelines for Users of the Petroleum Measurement Tables (API Standard
2540;IP200;ANSI/ASTM D1250),and later in their20°C tables.The implementation procedures are now incorporated in API MPMS Chapter11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D1250–04(ADJD1250CD).
5.5Rounding of density in metric tables changed from 0.5kg/m3to0.1kg/m3to improve discrimination.
5.6To satisfy industry needs,the tables have been extended to lower temperatures and higher densities(that is,lower API gravities).
5.7Real-time density measurement using density meters has become more prevalent in the industry.These density measurements are often made at pressures greater than atmo-spheric.This pressure effect must be taken into account simultaneously with any temperature effect when determining the density at standard conditions.Hence,pressure and tem-perature corrections have been combined into one procedure.
5.8Rounding and truncation of initial and intermediate values have been eliminated.Rounding will only be applied to thefinal VCF values.
5.9Thefinal VCF values will now be rounded to a consistent5decimal digits.API MPMS Chapter11.1–
2004/ Adjunct to IP200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D1250–04 (ADJD1250CD)also provides a mechanism to provide inter-mediate unrounded factors that,when combined,give the overall rounded CTPL(VCF).
5.10The1980Petroleum Measurement Tables’implemen-tation procedure used integer arithmetic in order to allow all existing computer equipment to achieve consistent results.This procedure now uses a double-precisionfloating-point math procedure.
5.11Revised API MPMS Chapters11.2.1and11.2.1M are now incorporated into API MPMS Chapter11.1–2004.The 1984versions of both will continue to be available on an historical basis.6
5.12Previous editions of the printed tables were based on density measurements made using a glass hydrometer.API MPMS Chapter11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D1250–04(ADJD1250CD)is based on the input of density values and no glass hydrometer corrections are applied. If density is measured using a glass hydrometer,hydrometer
5When ordering from ASTM International,request ADJD125001for V ol1; ADJD125002for V ol II;ADJD125003for V ol III;ADJD125004for V ol IV; ADJD125005for V ol V;ADJD125006for V ol VI;ADJD125007for V ol VII; ADJD125008for V ol VIII;ADJD125009for V ol IX;ADJD125010for V ol X;and
for V ol XI/XII–ADJD125011.The adjunct number for the complete set is ADJD1250CS.
6Available from the American Petroleum Institute(API),1220L St.,NW, Washington,DC
20005.
readings shall be corrected to density values before they are
applied in the calculations.
6.Keywords
6.1crude oil;density correction;lubricants;lubricating oils;
Petroleum Measurement Tables;petroleum products;volume
correction;volume correction factor
ANNEX
(Mandatory Information)
A1.GUIDE FOR PETROLEUM MEASUREMENT TABLES
[ASTM D1250–80,API MPMS Chapter11.1–1980,IP200/80(90)]7
A1.1Scope
A1.1.1These Petroleum Measurement Tables5are for use in the calculation of quantities of crude petroleum and petroleum products at reference conditions in any of three widely used systems of measurement.These tables are provided for stan-dardized calculation of measured quantities of petroleumfluids regardless of point of origin,destination,or units of measure used by custom or statute.
A1.1.2The Petroleum Measurement Tables published in 1980,except for Tables33and Tables34(which are being reissued without change),represent a major conceptual depar-ture from previous versions.Inherent in the Petroleum Mea-surement Tables is the recognition of the present and future position of computers in the petroleum industry.The actual standard represented by the P
etroleum Measurement Tables is neither the hardcopy printed tables nor the set of equations used to represent the density data but is an explicit implemen-tation procedure used to develop computer subroutines for Tables5,Tables6,Tables23,Tables24,Tables53,and Tables54.The standardization of an implementation procedure implies the standardization of the set of mathematical expres-sions,including calculational sequence and rounding proce-dures,used within the computer code.Absolute adherence to the outlined procedures will ensure that all computers and computer codes of the future,meeting the stated specifications and restrictions,will be able to produce identical results. Hence,the published implementation procedures are the pri-mary standard,the distributed subroutines are the secondary standard,and the published tables are produced for conve-nience.
N OTE A1.1—The present collection of tables supersedes all previous editions of the Petroleum Measurement Tables ANSI/ASTM D1250, IP200,and API Standard2540.A1.2Referenced Documents
D287Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products(Hydrometer Method)8
Petroleum Measurement Tables—19809
Historical Edition Petroleum Measurement Table—195210
A1.3Sponsorship
A1.3.1The complete collection of the new jointly issued ASTM-API-IP tables is the result of close cooperation between the American Society for Testing and Materials,American Petroleum Institute,and the Institute of Petroleum(London). To meet the objective of worldwide standardized measurement practices,the American National Standards Institute and the British Standards Institution have also been closely involved, resulting in the acceptance of the revised tables as an American National Standard and a British Standard.In addition,in their respective capacities as Secretariat of the International Orga-nization for Standardization/TC28and of TC28/SC3,ANSI and BSI have been instrumental in progressing the revised tables toward their adoption as an International Standard by the International Organization for Standardization.The ASTM Designation D1250applies to all35tables described in Section A1.5.The Energy Institute designation for the com-plete set of tables is IP200/80.
A1.4Significance and Use
A1.4.1This guide is expected to apply to crude petroleum regardless of source and to all normally liquid petroleum products derived therefrom.There are three primary sets of tables in current use.These are in terms of°API(Tables5and Tables6),relative density(Tables23and Tables24),and
7The1980edition of the Petroleum Measurement Tables may still be in use(see the Introduction and Usage Guidelines).For that reason,Guide D1250–80has been included as this mandatory annex.
8For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,,or contact ASTM Customer Service at For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
9Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No. ADJD1250CS.
10Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.
ADJD1250AM.
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