(总分75, 做题时间180分钟)
Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.
. Deadlines are one of the biggest 1 of stress in the workplace. 2 , many are flexible: Your manager might ask you to 3 a proposal for a long-term project by Friday, but not plan to 4 it until Tuesday. Could asking for more time (when we need it) be a simple way to 5 feeling panicked and 6 ? While it's common to believe that 7 back a deadline might reflect 8 on us and be seen as unprofessional, we know relatively little from research about the actual 9 of asking for more time.
To better understand this, we 10 10 experiments and a survey with nearly 10,000 employees and managers in the U.S. We found that, 11 occupations, asking for more time to work on an assignment was, on average, 12 positively by managers—and it reduced employees' stress levels and improved their 13 . In one survey we did, of 191 employees, we found that 95% of those who asked their manager for a deadline extension received one.
14 , employees rarely ask for an extension, even when deadlines are clearly 15 (e.g., their manager had explicitly said, "If you need more time, just ask"). For example, when we asked working adults 16 likely they would be to ask for an extension in a scenario where they felt highly time pressed under a tight yet adjustable deadline, only 1 in 10 employees responded that they would.
Across our studies, employees— 17 female employees—worried that by asking for a deadline extension, their managers would think they were 18 and unmotivated. But in 19 to employees' predictions, managers judged both male and female employees who asked for an extension as more motivated than those who did not. Managers did not
see employees as **petent 20 employees asked for an extension on a very urgent assignment.
1.
1.
∙**
∙**
∙**
**
A A
B B
C C
用什么来报答母爱
D D
2.
2.
∙**
∙**
∙**
**
A A
C C
D D
3.
3.
∙**
∙**
∙**
**
A A
B B
C C
D D
4.
4.
∙** at
∙** out
∙** out
** in
A A
B B
C C
D D
5.
5.
∙**
∙**
∙**
**
A A
B B
C C
D D
6.
6.
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A A
B B
C C
D D
7.
7.
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A A
B B
C C
D D
8.
8.
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A A
B B
C C
D D
9.
9.
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西四胡同A A
B B
C C
D D
10.
10.
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A A
B B
C C
D D
11.
11.
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A A
B B
C C
D D
12.
12.
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A A
B B
C C
D D
13.
13.
∙**
∙gm码**
∙**
**
A A
B B
C C
D D
14.
14.
∙**
∙** all
∙** all
**
A A
B B
C C
D D
15.
15.
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A A
B B
C C
D D
16.
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A A
B B
C C
D D
17.
17.
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A A
B B
C C
D D
18.
18.
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A A
B B
C C
D D
19.
19.
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A A
B B
C C
D D
陈迪和
20.
20.
∙**
∙**
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**
A A
B B
C C
D D
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Text 1
. The average person eats at least 50,000 particles of microplastic a year and breathes in a similar quantity, according to the first study to estimate human ingestion of plastic pollution. The true number is likely to be many times higher, as only a small number of foods and drinks have been analysed for plastic contamination. The scientists reported that drinking a lot of bottled water drastically increased the particles consumed.
The health impacts of ingesting microplastic are unknown, but they could release toxic
substances. Some pieces are small enough to penetrate human tissues, where they could trigger immune reactions. Microplastic pollution is mostly created by the disintegration of plastic litter and appears to be ubiquitous across the planet. Researchers find microplastics everywhere they look; in the air, soil, rivers and the deepest oceans around the world.
Scientists do not know what happens when microplastics are inhaled, but the new study speculates that "most inhaled particles will be ingested" rather than coughed or sneezed out. The researchers also estimated that microplastic particles settling on to a single meal per day could add a further tens of thousands to the annual amount consumed. Cox was clear that there are no known health effects as yet, but he said the ingested particles are "a high exposure risk in terms of numbers. It could be a potential alarm call for sure."
The **mission's chief scientific advisers said in a report in April: "The evidence on the environmental and health risks of microplastics provides grounds for genuine concern and for precaution to be exercised." They concluded: "Growing scientific evidence on the
hazards of uncontrolled microplastic pollution, combined with its long-term persistence and irreversibility, suggests that reasonable and proportional measures should be taken to prevent the release of microplastics."
Cox said his research had changed his own behaviour. "I definitely steer away from plastic packaging and try to avoid bottled water as much as possible," he said. "Removing single-use plastic from your life and **panies that are moving away from plastic packaging is going to have a non-trivial impact," Cox said. "The facts are simple. We are producing a lot of plastic and it is ending up in the ecosystems, which we are a part of."
1.
1. The real number of plastic particles people swallow may be larger because ______.
∙** are more likely to drink bottled water
∙** objects being analysed are limited
∙** plastic particles are ingested via breathing
** diets contain a large number of microplastics
A A
B B
C C
D D
2.
2. The microplastic pollution and microplastics can both be described as ______.
∙**
∙**
∙**
**
A A
B B
C C
D D
3.
3. The high number of ingested particles may ______.
∙** bad effects on health
∙** exposed to the public
∙** coughing and sneezing
** threat to the environment
A A
B B
C C
D D
4.
4. The phrase "steer away from" in the last paragraph most probably means ______.
∙**
∙**
∙**
**
A A
B B
C C
D D
5.
5. According to Cox, it is advisable to ______ to prevent the release of microplastics.
∙** away from **pany
** using disposable plastic
∙** our daily behaviour
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