2016年上半年笔译二级实务真题试卷 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. English-Chinese Translation 2. Chinese-English Translation
PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points)This part consists of two sections: SECTIONA 1 “Compulsory Translation” and SECTION 2 “Optional Translation” which comprises “Topic 1” and “Topic 2”. Translate the passage in SECTION 1 and your choice from passages in SECTION 2 into Chinese. Write “Compulsory Translation” above your translation of SECTION 1 and write “Topic 1” or “Topic 2” above your translation of the passage from SECTION 2. The time for this part is 100 minutes.
SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points)
1． Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957 when she realized that her passport was missing. In just a few hours, she was due to depart on her first trip to Africa. A school friend had moved to a farm outside Nairobi and, knowing Goodall’s childhood dream was to live among the African wildlife, invited her to stay with the family for
a while. Goodall, then 22, saved for two years to pay for her passage to Kenya: waitressing, doing secretarial work, temping at the post office in her hometown, Bournemouth, on England塔式锅炉’s southern coast. Now all this was for naught, it seemed. It’s hard not to wonder how subsequent events in her life — rather consequential as they have turned out to be to conservation, to science, to our sense of ourselves as a species — might have unfolded differently had someone not found her passport, along with an itinerary from Cook中间偃麦草’电工周裕民刘芳第三次s, the travel agency, folded inside, and delivered it to the Cook’s office. An agency representative, documents in hand, found her on the dock. “Incredible,” Goodall told me last month, recalling that day. “Amazing.” Within two months of her arrival in Kenya, Goodall met the paleontologist Louis Leakey — Nairobi was a small town for its white population in those days — and he immediately offered her a job at the natural history museum where he was curator. He spent much of the next three years testing her capacity for repetitive work. Louis Leakey believed in a hypothesis first put forth by Charles Darwin that humans and chimpanzees share an evolutionary ancestor. Close study of chimpanzees in the wild, he thought, might tell us something about that co
mmon progenitor. He was, in other words, looking for someone to live among Africa’s wild animals. One night, he told Goodall that he knew just the place where she could do it: Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve, in the British colony of Tanganyika (now Tanzania). In July 1960, Goodall boarded a boat and after a few hours motoring over the warm waters of Lake Tanganyika, she stepped onto the pebbly beach at Gombe. Her finding, published in Nature in 1964, that chimpanzees use tools — extracting insects from a termite mound with leaves of grass — drastically altered humanity’s understanding of itself; man was no longer the natural world’s only user of tools. After two and a half decades of living out her childhood dream, Goodall made an abrupt career shift, from scientist to conservationist.
正确答案： 1957年3月，简-古道尔(Jane Goodall)已站在伦敦的一个码头上，突然发现护照不见踪影了。再过几个小时，她就要出发，踏上自己的第一次非洲之旅。她的一位校友此前移居东非内罗毕郊外的一座农场，因为知道古道尔自幼梦想与非洲的野生动物为伴，所以邀请她前往家中小住。时年22岁的古道尔，为了肯尼亚之行，花了两年时间打工存钱。她做过服务员，当过秘书，还在家乡(英格兰南部沿海城市伯恩茅斯)的邮局干过临时 工。现在看起来，似乎这一切都要白费了。 古道尔后来的活动在自然环境保护、科学研究以及人类对自身的认知方面有着重要作用。但是当天，要不是有人到了她的护照，难以想象，古道尔接下来的人生轨迹将会如何。捡到的护照里夹着库克旅行社的日程安排，因此被送到了库克旅行社的办公室。旅行社一位工作人员拿着护照在码头上到了古道尔。上个月，古道尔回想起那天发生的事情，对我说： “难以置信，太神奇了”。 古道尔到达肯尼亚后不到两个月就遇见了古生物学家路易斯-李基(Louis Leakey)。对当地的白人来说，当时的内罗毕也就是个小镇。李基在自然史博物馆当馆长，马上就在博物馆给她安排了一个工作。接下来的三年中，他花了大量时间考查她有没有从事重复性工作的能力。 路易斯-李基相信由达尔文首先提出的一项假设：人类和黑猩猩是由共同祖先进化而来的。他认为，如果仔细研究野外黑猩猩，关于这一共同祖先，我们或许可以知晓得更多。换言之，他在物一个人，能和非洲的野生动物一起生活。一天晚上，他告诉古道尔，他知道有个地方或许能让她完成这项工作：贡贝河黑猩猩保护区，地点在英国殖民地坦噶尼喀(今坦桑尼亚)。 1960年7月，古道尔登上一艘小船，在坦噶尼喀湖温暖水域航行数小时后，抵达贡贝，在布满鹅卵石的沙滩上岸。 1964年，她的研究成果在《自然》杂志上发表，该成果证明黑猩猩会使用工具，能够用草叶把白蚁堆里的白蚁掏出来。这彻底改变了人类
对自身的认识，人类不再是大自然中唯一会使用工具的物种。 古道尔用25年时间实现了自己儿时梦想，之后突然改变了职业方向，由科学家成为一名环保工作者。
解析： 本文是叙述性文章，采取倒叙手法。开篇就把镜头对准1957年的一个戏剧性的场景：古道尔丢失了前往非洲的护照，几乎前功尽弃。然后时间继续后退，讲述古道尔为实现去非洲的梦想如何努力打工挣钱。 第二段时间反复穿梭。先是回到现代，评价古道尔此行对后世的贡献。然后再回到1957年，讲述护照事件戏剧性的转机。接着回到现代，添加了古道尔本人回忆起这件事后做出的评价。 第三段到结尾按照时间顺序概括性地讲述了古道尔到达非洲后的经历、后来取得的学术成就以及人生轨迹。文章的前两段时间往返穿梭，给翻译造成一定困难，需要特别注意。 2． Scientists have found the first evidence that briny water may flow on the surface of Mars during the planet’s summer months. The confirmation of water on the surface of Mars is important and would raise a host of questions, chief among them: Where is the water coming from, and what does it mean for the prospect of life, past or present? They found telltale fingerprints of salts that form only in the presence of water in narrow channe
ls cut into cliff walls throughout the planet丹徒实验学校’s equatorial region. The slopes appear during the warm summer months on Mars, then vanish when the temperatures drop. Scientists suspected the streaks were cut by flowing water, but had previously been unable to make the measurements. The salt content of the water is important because without it, the water would freeze in Mars’ bone-chilling temperatures. The water could be coming from subsurface ice, from salts attracting water from the thin Martian atmosphere or possibly bubbling up from an aquifer. The discovery is important as it could affect thinking about whether the planet that is most like Earth in the solar system could support present-day microbial life. Mars reconnaissance orbiter makes its measurements during the hottest part of the Martian day, so scientists believed any traces of water, or fingerprints from hydrated minerals, would have evaporated. Also, the chemical-sensing instrument on the orbiting spacecraft cannot hone in on details as small as the narrow streaks, which typically are less than 16 feet wide. But scientists created a computer program that could scrutinize individual pixels. That data was then correlated with high-resolution images of the streaks. Scientists concentrated on the widest streaks and came up with a 100-perce
曹素华nt match between their locations and detections of hydrated salts. Then, NASA declared “Mars mystery solved” in a press advisory without offering even a hint as to what mystery they meant. “It’s a little bit of an over-the-top announcement by NASA,” Ojha said. “There are so many mysteries to be solved.” Whatever the water’s source, the prospect of liquid water, even seasonally, raises the intriguing prospect that Mars could support life. Much more information about the water’s chemistry, however, would be needed before scientists could make that assessment. NASA’s ongoing Mars rover Curiosity has found evidence that Mars had all the ingredients and suitable habitats for microbial life to exist at some point in its past.
正确答案： 科学家们已发现首个表明夏季火星表面可能有卤水流动的证据。确认火星表面有水的存在十分重要。这将引出一系列问题，其中最主要的问题是：这些水从哪里来?它对发现过去和现在的生命迹象意味着什么? 科学家们发现在遍布火星赤道地区的斜坡上的狭窄沟槽内有盐存在的明显痕迹，而这些痕迹必须有水才能形成。温暖夏季，火星上出现坡地，一旦降温，坡地便消失。科学家们怀疑，火星上的这些沟槽是由水流冲刷而成，但以前一直无法对这些沟槽进行测量。 水里的盐分至关重要，因为没有盐分，在火星冰冷刺骨 的环境中，水会被冻结。水可能源自地表之下的冰层，也可能是盐从火星周围稀薄的大气层里吸取的水分，或者可能是由含水层冒泡形成。 水的发现很重要，这会引发人们对于太阳系中最像地球的火星是否能够为现有微生物提供生命支持的思考。 火星侦察轨道器在火星最热时进行测量，因此，科学家们曾认为，即使有水痕或有水合矿物痕迹，也可能都蒸发了。而且，轨道航天器上的化学传感器尚且无法获取火星上现有的通常不到16英尺宽的狭窄缝隙的详细数据。 不过，科学家们开发了一个电脑程序，可以仔细观测单个像素。然后，将这些数据与高分辨率图像上的沟槽进行比对分析。科学家们集中观察最宽沟槽，结果沟槽的地理位置与检测到的水合盐完全匹配。 随后，美国国家航空航天局发布新闻公告，宣布“火星秘密已经揭开”，但却丝毫没有透露所谓的“秘密”。欧嘉(Ojha)说： “美国国家航空航天局的公告有点言过其实了。还有太多的谜团尚待解开。” 不管这些水从哪里来，如能确定液态水真实存在，哪怕只是季节性的，这一发现也展现了诱人的前景：火星能支持生命的存在。但是，科学家们还需要获得更多有关火星水的化学成分信息后，才能对此进行评估。 美国国家航空航天局在轨的火星探测器“好奇号”已发现证据，证明在过去的某个时间点，火星曾具有能支持微生物生命存在的所有物质和适宜环境。
股指期货仿真交易解析： 本文改编自科普评论性文章。改编后文章开篇直接呈现最新的、令人震惊的科学发
现，引发读者阅读兴趣。随即引出要讨论的问题：火星上水产生的可能原因以及水的存在有何重要价值。文章第二部分包括第2至6自然段，逐步分析了火星上有水的可能原因、水中含有盐分的重要性、发现水的重要性，以及最新科学研究进展等细节问题，文章整体上逻辑清晰，衔接过渡自然。文章第三部分笔锋稍转，提到美国宇航局最新公告似有夸张之嫌，但无论如何，现有证据起码能证明火星曾经有过可能支持微生物存在的自然条件和生存要素。 整篇文章虽然属于科普性论说文体，但总体上可读性较强，所探讨问题也易于引发读者兴趣。从翻译角度而言，译者需注意把握语体，做到文字正式但不古板，用词准确而不远奥。
PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points)This part consists of two sections: SECTIONA 1 “Compulsory Translation” and SECTION 2 “Optional Translation” which comprises “Topic 1” and “Topic 2”. Translate the passage in SECTION 1 and your choice from passages in SECTION 2 into Chinese. Write “Compulsory Translation” above your translation of SECTION 1 and write “Topic 1” or “Topic 2” above your translation of the passage from SECTION 2. The time for this part is 80 minutes.
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