e结尾的动词, 直接加d: smile--smiled; hope--hoped.
ie结尾动词,直接加d: died;tied.
两个辅音字母(consonant)结尾的, 直接加ed: helped; learned.
[3]两个元音+一个辅音结尾的情况:
两个元音(vowels:a,e,i,o,u)加一个辅音字母结尾的动词,直接加ed: rained; heated.
[4] 一个元音+一个辅音结尾的情况:
一个元音(vowel)加一个辅音字母结尾的动词:
(1) 对单音节(one-syllable)单词,双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.
. stopped; planned;
(2) 对双音节(two-syllable)单词,如果重读在第一个音节处,不双写加ed. 如: visited(重读在vis前); offered(重读在of前);
(3) 对双音节(two-syllable)单词,如果重读在第二个音节处,双写词尾辅音字母加ed. 如: preferred(重读在fer前); admitted(重读在石榴 郭沫若mit前); referred; deferred;
[5] y结尾的情况:
元音+y结尾动词,直接加ed: played; enjoyed.
辅音+y结尾动词,y变i加ed: worried;studied.
1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:
begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam
2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:
drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote
3.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。如:
draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)
4.动词原形中的e《穆斯林的无知》改为o,变成过去式。如:
get—got,forget—forgot
5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如:
feed—fed,meet—met
作文 黑板上的记忆6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如: keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept
7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:
break—broke,speak—spoke
8.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:
sell—sold,tell—told
9.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如:
stand—stood,understand—understood
10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式。如:
bring—brought,buy— bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught
11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如:
can—could,shall—should,will—would
12.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。如:
come—came,become—became
13.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:
hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕, say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕
14.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:
let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read〔red〕
15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:
am,感人爱情微电影is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had,hold—held,leave—left,make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took
英语动词按其过去式和过去分词的构成方式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式和过去分词由词尾加ed构成,而不规则动词的变化因词而异。但如对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析,就可发现其中的“规则”。为方便同学们记忆,现将初中英语教学大纲中的69个不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词列出并规为五种类型。
同学们还可将第二、三类分为若干组,以便准确记忆。
一、AAA型(原形、过去式和过去分词同形):
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
let let let
put put put
read read read
二、ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形):
bring brought brought
build built built
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
dig dug dug
feel felt felt
find found found
get got got
have had had
hear heard heard
hold held held
keep kept kept
※learn learnt learnt
leave left left
lend lent lent
make made made
meet met met
pay paid paid
say said said
sell sold sold
send sent sent
shine shone shone
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
※smell smelt smelt
spend spent spent
stand stood stood
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought
understand understood understood
瓶颈效应
三、ABC型(原形、过去式和过去分词各异):
be was/were been begin began begun
blow blew blown break broke broken
do did done draw drew drawn
drink drank drunk drive drove driven