I. teaching aims:
1. help students to know the kinds of pronons.
2. help students to know the trend of pronon in the examination papers.
3. get students to know the importance of pronon in reading.
II. procedure
醋酸强的松龙
Part 1.
Fill in the form to know the kinds of pronon.
人称代词
3d打印课程设计
物主代词
反身代词
__________ _________ _________ __________ __________ ___________ ___________
__________
疑问代词 (白城地震用于单句）
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ ________ _________
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
不定代词
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Part 2
How to use pronons in multiple choice
代词在单选中的考查
1. 北京市近5年高考对代词共考查了4次，分别是2007和2008， 考查不定代词：2009 和2011考查 it用法。
2. 试题注重了情景干扰，注重了特定语言环境中上下文的联系，而且题干的语意结构趋于复杂。正确把握句意、分析句式结构在解题中起着很重要的作用。
(1) The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of local governments to increase _______. (2011)
A. them B. those C. it D. that
(2) Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with ____extra stress. (2009)
A. it B. them C. one D. him
(3) I got this bicycle for ______:My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.
A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing
(4) Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to others, of course, ________
Made all the others upset.
A. who B. which C. what D. that
(5) The shocking news made me realis _______ terrible problems we would face.
A. what B. how C. that D. why
Part 3.
校企合作的意义
Get Students to know the importance of pronon in reading.
I. Read the sentences, pay attention the the underlined pronons and find out the reference.
1、下指照应
(1）During his five years on the island，Chuck learns how to be a good friend to Wilson.
（2）Despite its short history， there is a lot of good English poetry around.
（3）Imagine this：you are twenty-one years old and a promising graduate student at one of the top universities in the world. One day, your doctor tells you that you have an incurable disease and may not have more than twelve months to live.
例（1）、（2）中，his和its分别指代下文的Chuck和English poetry，这是代词的预指功能在句内的体现。那么例（3）中的this指什么呢？如果只看“Imagine this”，我们无法判断它的指代对象。看完这一段落之后，才得知this是预指下文的两个句子。它发挥的是跨句照应 下文的作用，给读者留下一个悬念，促使读者继续往下看。阅读时，读者如果不能看清这种跨句预指关系，就会被笼罩在由此而产生的迷雾之中，出现理解上的偏差。 下指照应指代对象出现在下文，代词位于前面与之发生照应关系，这就是下指照应。阅读时，正确判断下指代词所指对象，可以顺利地沟通上下文的语义关系，使阅读进行得顺畅。请看下面的例子：
2、回指照应
在太空中理家（4）During his five years on the island, Chuck learns how to be a good friend to Wilson. Even though Wilson is just a volleyball, he becomes fond of him. He talks to him and treats him as a friend.(Book1, Unit1,p4)
例（1）提到，his下指Chuck。那么接下来的两个he和三个him又都指什么呢？Chuck在一次坠机事故中流落荒岛，他把身边的一只排球当作朋友，叫它Wilson。他喜欢这只排球，并和它谈话。这便明确了he指代上文的Chuck，him指代上文的Wilson。若不能正确辨识代词所指代对象，也就不能正确理解这段话，甚至译成汉语时人称混乱。请看正确译文：查
克在海岛上过了五年，学会了如何做威尔逊的好朋友。尽管对方仅仅是一只排球，查克却十分喜爱他，跟他谈心，把他当朋友相待。
（5）M: On our way home that night I looked down and saw that the necklace was not around my neck any more. I told Piere. We rushed back to the palace and looked for it. We asked everyone there if they had found a necklace, but without luck. We couldn’t find it. It was lost.
J: But I don’t understand. You brought it back to me the next afternoon. I remember very well.
M: Yes, Jeanne, I brought a necklace to you. It was exactly like your necklace, but it was a different one. It cost us thirty-six thousand francs.(Book1, Unit15, p18)
这段对话中用了七个it，它们都指代什么呢？当然是项链，但却是指不同的项链。前三个it指在舞会上丢失的那个项链，也就是Mathilde从Jeanne那里借的那挂她认为是钻石的项链；第四个it指Mathilde实际上借走的玻璃项链；第五、六、七个it指Mathilde花三万六千法郎买的那串项链。同一个it，在一段话中指代对象有如此细微的差别，值得玩味 凡是指代对象出现在上文，代词位于后面与它形成照应关系，这就是回指照应。代词回指可以避免语言重复，使语言表达经济化，它比下指照应运用广泛，也容易辨识。代词回指这一语言现象也有其自身的某些特点，因此在阅读中也会出现许多难以理解的地方。
3. Practice
1：I did meet an undeniably grade-one thinker in my first year at Oxford. I was looking over a small bridge in Magdalen Deer Park，and a tiny mustached and hated figure came and stood by my side. He was a German who had just fled from the Nazis to Oxford as a temporary refuge. His name was Einstein.
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