About the Author | 关于作者 |
Louisa May Alcott was born in Germantown, Pennsylvania in 1832. She was the second of four daughters. Her father was a teacher and he gave her lessons at home. | 路易莎·梅·奥尔科特于1832年出生于宾夕法尼亚州的日耳曼敦。她是四个女儿中的老二。她的父亲是一名教师，他在家给她上课。 |
The Alcott family often moved house when Louisa was growing up, but Alcott's happiest years were in the small town of Concord, Massachusetts. Little Women is set in the Alcott family home there. | 路易莎成长过程中，奥尔科特一家经常搬家，但奥尔科特最快乐的时光是在马萨诸塞州的小镇康科德度过的。《小妇人》的故事发生在奥尔科特一家的家中。 |
Alcott started work when she was still young because the family wasn't rich. She did many jobs including teaching and dressmaking, but she wanted to be a writer. Her first published work was a poem in 1852. This was the beginning of her writing career. 非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法 | 奥尔科特很小的时候就开始工作，因为家里并不富裕。她做过很多工作，包括教学和服装制作，但她想成为一名作家。她在1852年发表的第一部作品是一首诗。这是她写作生涯的开始。 |
In 1861 the American Civil War started. Alcott wanted to help so she went to Washington to work as a nurse. | 1861年，美国内战爆发。Alcott想要帮忙，所以她去了华盛顿当护士。 |
After the war Alcott spent a year in Europe as the companion of an invalid. While they were in Switzerland, she had a short love affair with a Polish soldier, Ladislas Wisniewski. She later used him as the model for Laurie in Little Women, which was published in 1868.The book was an instant success so she wrote a sequel. She then wrote two more books about the March family: Little Men (1871) and Jo's Boys (1886). | 战争结束后，奥尔科特作为一个病人的伴侣在欧洲呆了一年。他们在瑞士的时候，她和一个名叫拉迪斯拉斯·维希涅夫斯基的波兰士兵有过一段短暂的恋情。后来，她以他为原型，在1868年出版的《小妇人》中扮演劳里。这本书一出版就大获成功，所以她又写了续集。之后，她又写了两本关于马奇一家的书:《小男人》(1871)和《乔的男孩》(1886)。 |
Alcott never married and she died at the age of 56 in Boston. | 麦迪霉素奥尔科特从未结婚，56岁时在波士顿去世。 |
About the Book | 关于这本书 |
Little Women is set in New England during the American Civil War(1861-65). The novel follows the lives of the four March sisters -Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy- and is based on the author's own experiences of growing up with her three sisters. | 《小妇人》以美国内战(1861-65)期间的新英格兰为背景。这部小说讲述了马奇家的四妹——梅格、乔、贝丝和艾米的生活，并根据作者自己和她的三妹一起成长的经历写成。 |
The main theme in the story is the importance of family. Other themes include the need to work and self-improvement. | 这个故事的主题是家庭的重要性。其他主题包括工作和自我提高的需要。 |
When the story begins the sisters are complaining because they are poor and have to work. Their mother says that they mustn't spend money on pleasure because there is a war and everybody must help. Their father is in the army. In the letters their father sends home he tells his daughters to work hard and not to waste their time. They must try to accept the bad things in their lives and stay cheerful. He wants to be proud of them when he comes home. The girls decide to make an effort to improve themselves because they love and miss their father very much. | 故事开始时，妹们在抱怨，因为她们很穷，必须工作。他们的母亲说他们不应该把钱花在享乐上，因为有一场战争，每个人都必须帮忙。他们的父亲在军队里。在父亲寄回家的信中，他告诉女儿们要努力工作，不要浪费时间。他们必须努力接受生活中不好的事情，并保持乐观。当他回家的时候，他想以他们为荣。女孩们决定努力提高自己，因为她们非常爱和想念她们的父亲。 |
Alcott was interested in women's rights and, through the four March sisters, she explores four different ways of being a woman in those days. Meg leaves the family to get married and have a new family. Beth devotes herself to looking after her own family. Amy focuses on herself and her own pleasure. And Jo, like Alcott herself, tries to have a career in writing and care for her family at the same time. | 奥尔科特对妇女权利很感兴趣，通过马奇四妹，她探索了当时作为一个女人的四种不同方式。梅格离开家去结婚，有了一个新的家庭。贝丝致力于照顾自己的家庭。艾米只关注她自己和她自己的快乐。和奥尔科特一样，乔也在努力从事写作工作，同时照顾家人。 |
1 THE MARCH SISTERS | 1马奇妹 | smzb
It was December and the snow was falling quietly outside. The four March sisters were sitting around the fire in the parlor. They were knitting socks for soldiers. There was a war and everyone had to help. | 12月，外面正下着雪。马奇四妹围坐在客厅的火炉旁。他们在为士兵织袜子。有一场战争，每个人都得帮忙。 |
Meg was the oldest of the four sisters. She was sixteen. She was very pretty and she loved pretty clothes. Jo was fifteen. She was very tall and thin. She was different from Meg. She didn't care about dresses or hairstyles. She was a tomboy. Beth was thirteen. She was very shy and quiet and she seemed to live in a happy world of her own. The youngest, Amy, looked like a snow princess with her blue eyes and blonde hair. She loved beautiful things and she was a little vain. She also thought that she was a very important person. | 梅格是四妹中最大的。她十六岁。她很漂亮，她喜欢漂亮的衣服。乔是十五岁。她又高又瘦。她和梅格不一样。她不在乎衣服和发型。她是个假小子。贝丝13岁。她很害羞，很安静，似乎生活在自己的幸福世界里。最小的艾米长着一双蓝眼睛和一头金发，看上去就像一位白雪公主。她喜欢美丽的东西，有点爱慕虚荣。她还认为自己是一个非常重要的人。 |
'Christmas isn't Christmas without any presents,' Jo said sadly. | “没有礼物圣诞节就不是圣诞节，”乔忧伤地说。 |
'I hate being poor!'Meg said, looking at her old dress. | “我讨厌贫穷!”梅格看着她的旧衣服说。 |
'Some girls have lots of nice things, and other girls have nothing at all,' said Amy. 'I don't think it's fair.' | “有些女孩有很多好东西，有些女孩什么都没有，”艾米说。“我认为这不公平。” |
'But we've got Father and Mother, and each other,' said Beth. The four sisters looked happy for a moment when they remembered this. | “但是我们有爸爸妈妈，还有彼此，”贝丝说。四妹想起了这一点，一时显得很高兴。 |
Then Jo said, 'But we haven't got Father.' | 然后乔说:“可我们没有爸爸呀。”中煤第七十一工程处 |
Their smiles suddenly disappeared. Mr March was far away with the soldiers. | 他们的笑容突然消失了。马奇先生和士兵们在很远的地方。 |
'Mother says our men are suffering and we mustn't spend money for pleasure,' Meg said. 'That's why we can't have presents this year.' | “妈妈说我们的男人在受苦，我们不能花钱寻欢作乐，”梅格说。“这就是我们今年不能收到礼物的原因。” |
'Well, each of us has a dollar to spend,' said Jo. 'What can the army do with four dollars? Nothing! I don't expect anything from Mother but I'd like to buy a book for myself.' Jo loved reading and she had a passion for books. | “好吧，我们每人有一美元，”乔说。“军队用四块钱能做什么?没有什么!我不指望从妈妈那里得到什么，但我想给自己买本书。”乔喜欢读书，她酷爱读书。 |
'I want to spend mine on some new music,' said Beth. She played the piano and she loved singing. | “我想把我的钱花在买些新音乐上，”贝丝说。她弹钢琴，她喜欢唱歌。 |
I'm going to buy a box of drawing pencils. I really need them,' said Amy. She wanted to be an artist. | 我打算买一盒绘画铅笔。“我真的需要它们，”艾米说。她想成为一名艺术家。 |
'Mother didn't say anything about spending our own money,' cried Jo. 'We work hard for it so let's buy what we want and have a little fun.' | “妈妈没说过要花我们自己的钱，”乔嚷道。“我们努力工作，所以让我们买我们想要的东西，点乐子。” |
It was true. The two older sisters had jobs. Meg worked as a teacher for the King family and Jo looked after Aunt March, their father's rich, bad-tempered old aunt. Beth and Amy helped with the housework. | 这是真的。两个都有工作。梅格在金家当教师，乔照顾马奇阿姨，他们父亲富有的、坏脾气的老姑妈。贝丝和艾米帮着做家务。 |
Just then the clock struck six. Beth got up and put her mother's slippers near the fire to warm. | 就在这时，钟敲了六下。贝丝站起来，把妈妈的拖鞋放在火边取暖。 |
'Those slippers are very old,' said Jo.' Mother needs some new ones.' | “那些拖鞋很旧了，”乔说。“妈妈需要一些新的。” |
'I can buy a pair for her with my dollar,' said Beth. | “我可以用我的钱给她买一双，”贝丝说。 |
'No, I'm the oldest,' Meg said. 'I want to buy the slippers for her.' | “不，我最大，”梅格说。“我想给她买拖鞋。” |
'No, it's my job,' said Jo. 'Father told me to take care of Mother while he was away.' | “不，这是我的工作，”乔说。“爸爸要我在他不在的时候照顾妈妈。” |
'I have an idea,' said Beth. 'Let's not spend our money on ourselves. Let's get some presents for Mother.' | “我有个主意，”贝丝说。“我们不要把钱花在自己身上。我们给妈妈买些礼物吧。” |
Her sisters thought that this was a very good idea. | 她的妹们认为这是一个非常好的主意。 |
'I'm going to give her a pair of gloves,' said Meg looking at her own pretty hands. They were small and white. 'And you, Jo?' | “我打算给她一副手套，”梅格看着自己漂亮的手说。它们又小又白。“而你,乔?” |
'Some new slippers!' cried Jo. | “一些新拖鞋!”乔喊道。 |
'I'm going to make her some handkerchiefs,' said Beth quietly. | “我想给她做一些手帕，”贝丝平静地说。 |
'And I'm going to give her a bottle of perfume,' said Amy. | “我还要给她买瓶香水，”艾米说。 |
They all agreed to go shopping for the presents the next day. | 他们都同意第二天去买礼物。 |
What does "But we haven't got Father" mean? How much money do they have for presents? What does "she had a passion for books" mean? What presents will each of them buy for their mom? |
At that moment a happy voice called, 'Hello, my dears!' It was Mrs March. The girls jumped up and ran to the front door. | 这时一个幸福的声音喊道:“你们好，亲爱的!是马奇太太。女孩们跳起来跑到前门。 |
While she was taking off her wet cloak and shoes and putting on the warm slippers, Mrs March talked to her daughters about their day. | 马奇太太一边脱下湿斗篷和鞋子，换上暖和的拖鞋，一边和她的女儿们谈论这一天的事情。 |
'How is your cold, Meg? Jo, you look tired. Did anyone call today, Beth? Amy, baby, come and give me a kiss.' | 上海市语言文字工作者协会“你感冒怎么样了，梅格?”乔，你看起来很累。今天有人打电话来吗，贝丝?艾米，宝贝，过来吻我一下。” |
Then the girls quickly prepared the table for the evening meal and they all sat down to eat. There was a happy smile on Mrs March's face. | 然后，女孩们很快地准备好了桌子，大家都坐下来吃晚饭。马奇太太的脸上露出了幸福的微笑。 |
'I've got a surprise for you after supper,' she said. | “晚饭后我有个惊喜要给你，”她说。 |
'Hooray!' shouted Beth. 'A letter from Father!' | “万岁!”“贝丝喊道。“父亲的来信!” |
'Yes!' said Mrs March. 'A nice long letter.' | “是的!马奇太太说。“一封漂亮的长信。” |
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