Unit 2 The new space race
经典诵读论文A plan to build the world's first airport for launching commercial spacecraft in New Mexico is the latest development in the new space race, a race among private companies and billionaire entrepreneurs to carry paying passengers into space and to kick-start a new industry, astro tourism. The man who is leading the race may not be familiar to you, but to astronauts, pilots, and aeronautical engineers –basically to anyone who knows anything about aircraft design –Burt Rutan is a legend, an aeronautical engineer whose latest aircraft is the world's first private spaceship. As he told when he first met him a little over a year ago, if his idea flies, someday space travel may be cheap enough and safe enough for ordinary people to go where only astronauts have gone before.
The White Knight is a rather unusual looking aircraft, built just for the purpose of carrying a rocket plane called SpaceShipOne, the first spacecraft built by private enterprise.
White Knight andSpaceShipOne are the latest creations of Burt Rutan.
They're part of his dream to develop a commercial travel business in space.
"There will be a new industry. And we are just now in a beginning. I will predict that in 12 or 15 years, there will be tens of thousands, maybe even hundreds of thousands of people that fly, and see that black sky," says Rutan.
On June 21, 2004, White Knight took off from an airstrip in Mojave, Calif., carrying Rutan's spaceship. It took 63 minutes to reach the launch altitude of 47,000 feet. Once there, the White Knight crew prepared to release the spaceship one.
The fierce acceleration slammed Mike Melvill, the pilot, back in his seat. He put SpaceShipOne into a near vertical trajectory, until, as planned, the fuel ran out.
Still climbing like a spent bullet, Melvill hoped to gain as much altitude as possible to reach space before the ship began falling back to earth.
By the time the spaceship one reached the end of its climb, it was 22 miles off course. But it had, just barely, reached an altitude of just over 62 miles --the internationally recog
nized boundary of space.
It was the news Rutan had been waiting for. Falling back to Earth from an altitude of 62 miles, SpaceShipOne's tilting wing, a revolutionary innovation called the feather, caused the rocket plane to position itself for a relatively benign re-entry and turned the spaceship into a glider.
SpaceShipOne glided to a flawless landing before a crowd of thousands.
调度系统
"After that June flight, I felt like I was floating around and just once in a while touching the ground," remembers Rutan. "We had an operable space plane."
Rutan's "operable space plane" was built by a company with only 130 employees at a cost of just $25 million. He believes his success has ended the government's monopoly on space travel, and opened it up to the ordinary citizen.
一期缝合"I concluded that for affordable travel to happen, the little guy had to do it because he had the incentive 福柯知识考古学for a business," says Rutan. Does Rutan view this as a business venture or a technological challenge?
"It's a technological challenge first. And it's a dream I had when I was 12," he says.
Rutan started building model airplanes when he was seven years old, in Dyenuba, Calif., where he grew up.
"I was fascinated by putting balsa wood together and see how it would fly," he remembers. "And when I started having the capability to do contests金第梦想山 and actually win a trophy by making a better model, then I was hooked."
He's been hooked ever since. He designed his first airplane in 1968 and flew it four years later.
Since then his airplanes have become known for their stunning looks, innovative design and technological sophistication.
Rutan began designing a spaceship nearly a decade ago, after setting up set up his own
aeronautical research and design firm. By the year 2000, he had turned his designs into models and was testing them outside his office.
"When I got to the point that I knew that I could make a safe spaceship that would fly a manned space mission -- when I say, 'I,' not the government, our little team -- I told Paul Allen, 'I think we can do this.'
And he immediately said, 'Go with it.'"
Paul Allen co-founded Microsoft and is one of the richest men in the world.
His decision to pump $25 million into Rutan's company, Scaled Composites, was the vote of confidence that his engineers needed to proceed.
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