to do动词不定式 doing 动名词 doing 现在分词 done 过去分词 He read books. / He told me the story. / He told me that they would go.
He came early./ He read books carefully.
小结：
非谓语动词
To read books is her habit.
主 系 表
Her habit is to read books.
He got up early to tell me that theywould go and that he would go with them.
小结：二次结构分析
第一节 动词不定式
（一）不定式的句法功能
1 its序列主语
To learn English is very important.---
It is very important tolearn English.
It be adj to do
It took me 100 Yuan to buy the clothes.
It takes sb time /money/energy to do sth
It took him about half a year to finish the paper/treatise.
（动词不定式的逻辑主语）
For John/us to learn English isvery important.---
It is very important for us to learn English.
It is considerate /thoughtful of you to give mehelp.===
You are considerate to give me help.
kind stupid foolish silly
arcpadclever intelligentsmart cute bright
It is very important forstudents to observe/obey/abide by therule.
It is very important to have agood command a foreign language.
It is very importantto get master of a foreignlanguage.
He spent about half a year (in)finishing/on the paper.
It took him about half a year to finishthe paper.
It takes sb time/ money/ energy to do sth.
2 宾语
(1)主+谓+宾
He promised to come early.
I can’t afford to buy the blue castle.
He pretended to read books.
I hope to meet you next week.
I want to beat him.
I want to be beaten.
(2)42led10主+谓+宾+宾补
I think it easy to learn English.
3 表语
His dream is to go to college.
He is to blame for the caraccident.
4 充当定语 to do to be done
主动式
He is the firstperson to come.
He is the first one to come.
主动关系
I like the lab to be built.
被-动-关-系 被动式
The lab to be built is beautiful.
被-动-关-系 主动式
★★I have a lot of work to do.
被动关系 动宾关系
A to do B to be done nrm
C to be doing D to have done
There is no seat to sit on.
5宾语补足语/主语补足语
（1）普通动词后面所带的宾语补足语
I thinkEnglish easy.
Englishisthought easy.
He asked me to give speech.
I was asked to give speech.
He invited me to have dinner.
I was invited to have dinner.
He wanted the TV set to be fixed.
I want him to be beaten.
He warned me not/never to be fired.===
I was warned not/never to be fired.
Inspire sb to do sth
encourage sb to do sth
urge sb to do sth
appeal sb to do sth
allow sb to do sth
（2）感官动词和使役动词后面所带的补足语
find see hear watch make have
过程
I heard her sing asong next door.==
She was heard to singa song next door.
片段
I heard her singing a song next door.==
She was heard singinga song next door.
I heard him being beaten next door.==
He was heard being beaten next door.
make have
I made him hand in his assignment. ==
He was made to hand in战地恋歌 hisassignment.
I had John show me around thecampus.
（1）目的状语
Thousands of people went to southin order to/so as to/to earn a living.
To/In order to earn a living, thousands of people went to south.
为了
小结：
（2）结果状语
He hurried to the railway station only to find that the train hadgone.
He hurried to the station, only to find that the train hadgone.
（3）原因状语
He was delighted to find that he passed the exam.
注：一. 主动形式----被动意义
1 . 充当定语
He had a lot of work to do.
2. 充当表语
He is ______for the car accident.
A to blame B to beblamed
3. 充当宾语
The chair looks hard, but the chair is comfortable to sit on.
复合谓语
The lecture is hard to understand.
复合谓语
I don’t know what to do.
4. __________
I think the lecture hard______.
A to understand B to be understood.
二.不定式的否定式(放在不定式的前面)
1.充当宾语
He pretended not to see me.
2 充当表语
His goal is to go to college, not to work.
3.补足语
He appealed us not/never to settle the disputethrough arm forces.
He warned us not/ never to befired.
4.状语
He worked hard in order not to learnsomething. so as to
三. 动词不定式的逻辑主语
1. 宾语
He wanted to have the fruit.
The little Tom wanted to be taken to the theater.
2 主语
For them/students to observe the rule is important.
For us/students to learn English is important.
It is very important for studentsto obey the rule.
3.宾语补足语
His parents expected him to take over thecompany.
对立统一he was expected to take over the company.
I want him to be beaten.
4. 定语
There is a lot of work for us/John to do.
5. 状语
They tried their best to study hardin order to go to the keyuniversity.
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