代词
代词是用来代替名词、形容词或数词的词。这些代词分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词等。这里，我们介绍几组常用代词的用法及辨析。 （一） 人称代词
主格 I he she we you they it
宾格 me him her us you them it
用法：人称代词的主格作主语；宾格作表语或宾语； 人称代词作表语时，与动词前面的代词或名词或名词同格。 I was considered to be she. They considered me to be her.
I thought it to be her. It was thought to be her.
（二） 物主代词
形容词性 my your his her its our their
名词性 mine yours his hers its ours theirs
用法：形容词性物主代词作定语； 名词性物主代词作主语、宾语和表语。
如：He is my teacher. Whose book is this? It’s mine.
I’ve finished my homework. Have you finished yours? He is an old friend of mine.
（三） 反身代词
单数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
反身代词在句中一般作宾语、表语和同位语。
1． 作宾语：They called themselves weavers.
2． 作表语：Stop fooling and be yourself.
3． 作同位语：反身代词不达意作同位语可以放在与之同位的名词或代词之后，也可放在句末。
如：They themselves decided to go to see it.
They decided to go to see it themselves.
注意下列习惯说法：
come to oneself（苏醒）/ be not oneself（身体不舒服）congratulate oneself on（暗自庆幸）
renyi
enjoy oneself express oneself（表达） devote oneself to（致力于）
dress oneself（穿衣） find oneself（发觉自己在）help oneself to（随便吃）
hide oneself（躲藏）keep sth. to oneself（保守秘密）make oneself at home（不要拘束，就像在自己家里一样） make oneself + p.p. seat oneself
-for oneself（为自已或替自已）
You must find it out for yourself.（独自地）
They kept it for themselves（为自已）
-of oneself自然地，自动地
The enemy will not perish of himself.
The door opened of itself.
-by oneself独自地，自单干
I’m busy, would you go there by yourself.
They made the machine all by themselves.
-in oneself（本身性质）
The materials in themselves were not poisonous.
This is not a bad idea in itself.
I like the house in itself but not furnituure in it.
注：某些带有反身代词的动词词不达意组已变成固定习语。
妇炎康栓Have you enjoyed yourself recently?
He is not himself today.
Don’t get nervous, help yourself to what you like.
（四） 疑问代词
常用的疑问代词有who,whom,whose,whoever,which,whichever,what,whatever。疑问代词一般放在句首，用来构成特殊疑问句， 可用作主语、宾语、表语和定语。如：
Whoever told you that is a fool.What is this? Whom (who)did you want?
（五） 指示代词
指示代词有：this, that,these,those,it,such,same等。
1． This,that,these,those的用法：
（1） 在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。如：
This is my pen. Do you want this?That book is mine. What I want is this.
第28届奥运会（2） This(these)一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物；而that(those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。如：
This is a pen and that is a pencil.These days we are very busy.
（3） This(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物； 而that(those)常指前面讲过的事物。如：
What he told me is this:he wanted to go to Beijing.
He didn’t come. That is why he didn’t know.
聚脲（4） That (those)常用来指前面提到过的名词。如：
This book is not so interesting as that I read yesterday.
The houses of the rich are larger than those of the poor.
2． such的用法：
（1） such一般在句中作定语和主语。如：
Such is my answer. I have never seen such beautiful flowers.
（2） such用作定语时，它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在之后。
He is such an interesting person.
3． same的用法：
same可用作定语、主语、表语和宾语。same前必须加the。如：
I went there on the same day.The same can be said of the other city.
What I want to say is the same.I’ll do the same.
教育公平之我见
（六） 不定代词
不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数与不可数的区别。不定代词的种类较多，用法各异，下面分别进行介绍。
1． One,some与any的用法
one可以泛指任何人，还可以用在形容词和that,this等词后代替刚才提过的可数名词，其复数形式为ones，可用作主语和宾语； one’s是它的物主代词形式，可用作定语；oneself是它的反身代词形式，可用作主语和宾语。some和any通常用作定语，都可用来修饰可数名词、单数或复数名词。some用于单数可数名词前， 表示“某一”。some用于数词前，表示“大约”。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定句中。如： One should wash oneself regularly. This film is not as good as the one I saw yesterday.
I have some books. Have you any books? I don’t have any books.
注：
（1） some可用于表示邀请或请求的问句中，预期的答案是肯定的，或鼓励给予一个肯定的答复。如：
Could you let me have some coffee?
（2） some和any可用作主语和宾语。如
Some are singing, others are dancing. Does any of you know Mr Wang?
I don’t like any of the books.
（3） Some,any,every,no与one,body,thing构成的合成代词都作单元数看待。另外，some的合成代词一般用于肯定句，any的合成代词一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。
2． Each,every的用法
（1） each强调个别，可以充当定语、主语、宾语和同位语。every强调整体，相当于汉语的“每个都”，在句中都作定语。如：
The teacher had a talk with each of them. Each of us has two boxes.
We have two boxes each. Every boy has a book.
Every one has strong and weak points.
（2） each所代表的数可以是两个以上， 而every所指的数必须是三个以上。如：
Each of the two has won a prize. Every student in the class likes English.令孩子惊奇的72个科学异想
3． none和no的用法：
（1） no=not any.在句子中作定语，修饰可数或不可数名词。none在句中作主语或宾语。如：
There is no water in the well.None of them know the story.
（2） none代替不可数名词作主语时， 谓语动词用单数形式； 代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。如：
None of the students are/is afraid of difficulties.
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