Research Proposal 的写作主要包括以下几个部分：1. Statement of your hypothesis2. Review of Related Literature3. Methodology4. Analysis of the problems or significant issues involved. (Statistics)5. Summary of your findings and your conclusions and recommendationsResearch Proposal 一般的长度控制在2000-3000 词左右,必须回答下列问题: What you plan to accomplish, why you want to do it and how you are going to do it.必须要让读者相信you have an important research idea, 重要的研究想法that you have a good grasp of the relevant literature and the major issues, 对主要问题和相关文献有很好的把握and that your methodology is sound.方法是对路的【题目】：简单描述性，An investigation of可以省略【摘要】：300词，包括the research question, the rationale for the study, the hypothesis (if any), the method and the main findings. Descriptions of the method may include the design, procedures, the sample and any instruments that will be used.空气干燥【Introduction】：为研究的问题提供主要的背景首先，让你的研究问题在一个当前热门或者仍旧可以讨论的旧领域的上下文中。其次骚乱全家, 要提供简单但恰当的历史背景。第三, 提供你的研究问题占据中心位置的当代上下文。最后, 确定“核心问题”和最相关的代表出版物。简而言之，突出研究问题的重要性。The introduction generally covers the following elements:1. State the research problem, which is often referred to as the purpose of theStudy.陈述研究问题，作为研究的目的2. Provide the context and set the stage for your research question in such away as to show its necessity and importance.用能够显示必要性和重要性的方式，提供研究问题的背景3. Present the rationale of your proposed study and clearly indicate why it is worth doing.提出研究的根据，清楚表明为什么值得研究
4. Briefly describe the major issues and sub-problems to be addressed by your
x12Research.简要描述你研究的主要问题和次要问题。
7. Set the delimitation or boundaries of your proposed research in order to
provide a clear focus.界定研究问题
Provide definitions of key concepts. (This is optional.)为重要概念进行定义
【Literature Review】
The literature review serves several important functions:
1. Ensures that you are not "reinventing the wheel".
2. Gives credits to those who have laid the groundwork for your research.
3. Demonstrates your knowledge of the research problem.
4. Demonstrates your understanding of the theoretical and research issues
related to your research question.
5. Shows your ability to critically evaluate relevant literature information.
6. Indicates your ability to integrate and synthesize the existing literature.
7. Provides new theoretical insights or develops a new model as the conceptual
大学生活导论framework for your research.
8. Convinces your reader that your proposed research will make a significant
and substantial contribution to the literature (i.e., resolving an important
theoretical issue or filling a major gap in the literature).
【Methods】
给出研究计划，描述完成项目必要的行为。It will provide your work plan and describe the activities necessary for the completion of your project.
莘县实验初中必须给出充分的信息让读者相信方法是合理的、最恰当有效的。it should contain sufficient information for the reader to determine whether methodology is sound.
【Results】
Obviously you do not have results at the proposal stage. However, you need to have
some idea about what kind of data you will be collecting, and what statistical
procedures will be used in order to answer your research question or test you
hypothesis.
【Discussion】
You need to communicate a sense of enthusiasm and confidence without
exaggerating the merits of your proposal. That is why you also need to mention the
limitations and weaknesses of the proposed research, which may be justified by
time and financial constraints as well as by the early developmental stage of your
research area.
常见错误：
1. Failure to provide the proper context to frame the research question.
2. Failure to delimit the boundary conditions for your research.
3. Failure to cite landmark studies.
4. Failure to accurately present the theoretical and empirical contributions by
毛小平近况other researchers.
5. Failure to stay focused on the research question.
6. Failure to develop a coherent and persuasive argument for the proposed
research.
7. Too much detail on minor issues, but not enough detail on major issues.
8. Too much rambling -- going "all over the map" without a clear sense of
direction. (The best proposals move forward with ease and grace like a
seamless river.)
9. Too many citation lapses and incorrect references.
10. Too long or too short.
11. Failing to follow the APA style.
12. Slopping writing.
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