I．教学内容分析 本单元通过对“世界英语”这一话题的探讨，以加强学生对英语语言的了解，对当代语言特别是英语发展趋势的了解。世界在变化、时代在发展、社会在前进，作为人类交流的工具，语言必然随着时代的发展而变化，特别是英语，这一被公认的通用语言的变化更是让人始料不及。由于英语在世界上的重要地位和它的广泛使用，各国人民在使用英语的过程中不断发展、改进、更新他们使用的英语和本国语。这种不断的吸收、交融、容纳、创新就形成了各种各样带有某个国家、某个民族、或某个地区特的英语。 II．教学重点和难点 （一）了解英语在世界上的发展状况， 以及各种各样带有民族、地域特的英语。 （二）了解英语和美语的一些基本的差异，像单词的拼写，单词的发音，句式结构等。尤其是一些常用词。 （三）掌握本单元教学目的和要求中的词汇的用法。 （四）学会英语中有关交际困难的表达法，，如Pardon? I beg your pardon? 熟练掌握祈使句及其间接引语的表达法。 III．教学计划 第一课时：Warming Up 第二课时：Pre-reading, Reading, 第三课时：Comprehending, Learning about Language 第四课时：Using Language 第五课时：Reading and speaking 第六课时：Workbook IV．教学步骤： Period 1 Warming Up Teaching Goals: 1.Get Ss to realize that there are some differences between American English and British English. 2.Get Ss to practise their oral English. Teaching Procedures: Step 1. Leading-in Do you like to see the film? Do you know the other name of film? Yes. It’s movie. Do you know the difference betweens the two words? One is British English and the other is American English. Do you know the differences between them? The differences between the British and American English are spelling, pronunciation, usage and the most important is culture. Step 2. Warming Up Purpose: To make students understand the differences between American and British English 1. Pair work: (1) Get Ss to discuss other words that they have learned. (2) Give Ss some words and expressions and have a discussion ① Words: 英 美 电影 films movies 汽油 petrol gas, gasoline 图钉 drawing thumb tack 钞票 banknote bill 跳远 long jump broad jump 糖果 sweets candy ② Expressions:
2. Group work: (1)Divide Ss into groups and ask them to make a dialogue. (2)Let Ss practice the dialogue with their partners. Periods 2 Pre-reading and Reading Teaching Goals: 1.Get Ss to learn about English spoken around the world 2.Improve Ss’ reading ability, especially the skills of summarizing, word guessing and scanning. 3.Get Ss to realize the importance of learning English and of love of our own country. 4.Encourage Ss to think and talk in English through communicative tasks and provide Ss with chances of cooperation. Teaching Procedures: Step 1. Leading-in Present Ss with the names of seven countries （the UK, the USA, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Ireland and New Zealand）, and ask Ss: “Is there any relationship between these 7 countries?” Allow Ss to show their own opinions. The answer is that English is the mother tongue to the people in these 7 countries. 1.Present Ss with the names of some other countries: India, Pakistan, Nigeria and the Philippines. Then ask: “Is English spoken in these countries?” Allow Ss to show their own opinions. English is used as an official language in these countries, which is spoken on formal occasions like governing, schooling and news reporting. 2.Also in many countries, English is learned as a foreign language, like in China, Japan, France and so on. So although English doesn’t have the most speakers in the world, it is the most popular language all over the world. Today we’re going to read a lesson entitled English around the world. Step 2. Reading 1.Skimming: Get Ss to read through the passage and find the topic sentence of each paragraph. Para 1 Today, more people speak English as their first, second or foreign language than ever before. Para 2 Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. Para 3 All languages change when cultures communicate with one another. Para 4 English is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. 2. Scanning Purpose: To get Ss to have some details in the text. Read the text quickly and try to get some details from the text. Work in pairs and try to ask and answer questions from the text. Questions can be like these. Q1. How many people spoke English at the end of the 16th century? Where did they live? Q2. Why is English to be spoken in many other countries in the next century? Q3. Which country has the largest number of English speakers? Q4. Why has English changed over time? Q5. Why does India have a very large number of English speakers? Suggested answers: A1. At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English. A2. In the next century, people from England started moving to other parts of the world, so English began to be spoken in many other countries. A3. China may have the largest number of English speakers. A4.Because all languages change when cultures communicate with one another. A5.India has a very large number of English speakers. This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. 3.Careful reading: Get Ss to read the passage carefully again and meanwhile try to guess the meaning of the following words or phrases: even if, come up, actually, play a role, vocabulary, usage, identity , government. even if=even though: in spite of the fact; no matter whether play a role: to be involved in an activity actually: really; in fact vocabulary: all the words and phrases you learn such as: for example elevator: a machine used for moving people or things up and down 4.After reading: Allow Ss to discuss with their partners the meaning of the new words. Then let some Ss explain the words. The teacher can give some further explanations if necessary. 5.Answer these questions. (1) Do you think what kind of English you learn matters? Why? (2) Why do you think people all over the world want to learn English? (3) Give Ss chances to ask each other questions on the passage. 6. Read the passage and choose the correct answer ⑴English has /had the most speakers _______. A. now B, when the British ruled many parts of the world C. in the time of Shakespeare D. in the 12th century . ⑵Which of the following sentence is true? A Language always stay the same B. Language change only after wars C .Language no longer change D .Language change when cultures change ⑶ From AD450 to 1150,English sounded more like ______. A . French B. Chinese C. German D. Russian ⑷ Shakepeare’s English was spoken around_______. A. 1400’s B. 1150’s C .450’s D. 1600’s ⑸Which country has the fastest growing number of English speakers in the world ? A. Australia B China C. India D. Britain Suggested Answers: (1) A (2) D (3) C (4) D (5) B Step 3. Discussion 1.After reading the passage, we’ve learned so much about English spoken around the world. Do you think it’s necessary to have a good knowledge of English? Why do you think so? Please form groups of four and discuss these questions with your partners. (The teacher should walk around to provide any necessary help.) 2.Give the students chances to express their opinions freely. 3.Summary by the teacher: Through learning this passage, we have got to know that English is becoming more and more popular all over the world now. So English learning seems important to everyone, especially us students of the new century. With China’s entry into WTO, English will play a more important part in business, in tourism, and even in people’s daily life. So it’s no doubt that everyone should have a good knowledge of English. And I hope every one in our class can make an effort to learn English well. But on the other hand, it doesn’t mean English is better than Chinese just as some students said just now. We must keep it in mind that one’s mother tongue is the most beautiful language in the world. The reason why we learn English is that we should thus be more capable of building up our country(It’s a good chance to lead the students to love our own country as well as to learn English well.) Step 4. Words and expressions 1. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English .以英语作为母语的人，即使他们讲的英语不尽相同，也可以相互交流。 even if 即使；尽管 even if I have a walk all the way I’ll get there .即使我得一路走着去，我也 要走着去。 2．All languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other .当不同的文化相互渗透时，所有的语言都会发生变化。 communicate (with sb) 通消息；交流；相连 With the Internet ,he can communicate directly with HongKong and Beijng .用互联网，他能直接与香港与北京联系。 3. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 实际上，当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础，而现代英语不是。 Be based on 以……为基础 This song is based on an old folk song. 这支歌源于一只古老的民间歌曲。 Step 5. Exercises: 1.Match the new words and expressions with their meanings. 1 actually A for example 2 elevator B a set of rooms for living in 3 naïve English speaker C really ;in fact 4 come up to a place D a machine used for moving people or things up and down 5 such as E person who has spoken English since birth 6 apartment F visit a place 7 play a role （in） G all the words and phrases you learn 8 vocabulary H the way that words are used in a language 9 include I have something or somebody as one of a group 10 usage J have a part in Suggested Answers: (1) C (2) D (3) E (4) F (5) A (6) B (7) J (8) G (9) I (10) H 2 .Complete this passage with some of the words above. It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as _____ as a ______ English speaker. One reason is that English has a large __________. It also has different usage in different English speaking countries. If you use “flat" instead of “___________", people in America will know you have learned British English. If you use the word _________ instead of “lift" in Britain, people will know you have studied America English. Suggested Answers: fluently, native, vocabulary, apartment, elevator Step 5. End 1. Summarize what has been learned during this course. 2. Homework: Write about your feelings, which come into your mind after learning this passage. Period 3 Learning about Language Teaching Goals: 1. To enable Ss to master some new words and expressions 2.To get the Ss to have knowledge of this grammar point: subject Teaching Procedures: Step 1. Grammar 1. Command and Request 祈使句变间接引语，采用动词+sb.+to do sth .的形式，其否定形式是在不定式前加not ，即动词+sb.+to do sth 。 表示请求时用动词ask；表示命令时用order/tell ；表示建议时用adivse 。如： “Follow your teacher’ instructions ,”Mother said to me.→ Mother told me to follow my teacher’s instructions . She said to us ： “Please sit down .”→ She asked us to sit down . He said to him ,“go away ”. → He ordered him to go away . 注意： 1.不定式的否定形式中，not 必须放在to 前面。 误：He told me to not forget to turn off the light . 正：He told me not to forget to turn off the light . 2. 祈使句间接引语到的引述动词除了ask ，tell ，order，advise 之外，还有remind，warn 等。 “Remember to switch off all the lights ,she said .” → She reminded me to switch off all the lights . “Don’t make the same mistake any more ”,she said . → She warned me not to make the same mistake . Practice Purpose: To get the Ss to have knowledge of the grammar through exercise. 2. Exercises 单项填空（直接引语与间接引语） (1)The teacher asked us ______so much noise A .don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make (2) Yesterday he told me that he had met his uncle ______. A.two years ago B. two years before C, before two years D. for two years (3) I was told that the singer _____in 1980. A.was B. is born C. had been born D. had born (4) The teacher told us that the earth _____around the sun , A. travels B. traveled C. had traveled D is traveling (5) He said he_____ here soon . A.would go B. would come C. will go D,. will come (6) John suggested _____swimming tomorrow. A going B. to go C. we will go D. we going (7) The teacher _____ me to have another try , B.warned B. suggested C. hoped D. asked (8) Mother said that ______would do all washing herself . C.she B. herC. we D. I (9)“______polite to the guests ,”said my father , A.Please B. Do be C. Are D .Should (10) He left here, ______that he was thankful for our help. A. said B. to say C. saying D. say Suggested Answers: (1)～(5) DBAAB (6)～(10) ADABC Period 4 using language Teaching Goal : 1. Learn something about standard English and dialects. 2.Learn some language points. Teaching Procedures: Step 1. Reading and talking Purpose: Through reading the text to know something about the dialect in English . 1. In china, there are so many dialects that the government encourages the whole nation to speak Putonghua, which is regarded as standard Chinese. However local people also speak their own dialects. 2.Get Ss to work in pairs. Let one student be a Chinese and the other a foreigner. Play a conversation about the Chinese language, Putonghua and different dialects . 3.If you think students might have difficulty telling a story, you may have them discuss why Putonghua has to be used in China . Step 2. Words and expressions 1. believe it or not 信不信由你 Believe it or not ,John cheated in the exams .信不信由你，约翰在考试中作弊了， 2.standard: adj标准的，合乎规范的 standard time 标准时间 standard English 标准英语 3. play a part in 在……中发挥作用 He played an important part in the meeting .他在会议中发挥着重要作用。 4. recognize vt. 认得，认出 recognize an old friend 认出一位老朋友 Step 3. Listening Purpose :to practise students listening ability. 1.Individual work Listen to the passage and ask Ss to answer the following True or False questions ⑴There is such a thing as standard English. ⑵American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world. ⑶Geography also play a part in making dialects. ⑷Americans cant recognize each other’s dialect. Suggested Answers: (1) F (2) T (3) T (4) F 2.Group work Ask Ss to have a discussion and explain their reasons . Period 5 Listening，Speaking & Writing Teaching Goal: To practice Ss’ listening, speaking and writing ability. Teaching Procedures: Step1. Listening Individual work : Listening to the text and put these sentences in the right sequence. Key: 1.Buford, Billy Bob and Lester went swimming. 2.Lester saw a catfish. 3.Lester thought the catfish would eat him. 4.Lester climbed a tree. 5.Buford and Billy Bob laughed. 6.Now Lester is too afraid to visit the place. Listening to the text and answer the following questions . 1.What does Buford think of Texas? How do you know? 2.How large was the catfish? 3.why did Lester get out of the water very quickly? 4.Why did Buford and Big Billy Bob laugh? Suggested Answers: 1.He believes it’s almost a different country from the US. The listening text tells us it is so. 2.The boys thought that the catfish was almost the size of a house. 湖南大学移动图书馆3.He thought the catfish would eat them. 4.They laughed because Lester believed the catfish would hurt him. Step 2. Speaking Purpose:To practice Ss’ oral English. 1. Sometimes Ss may meet a foreigner in a public place and the foreigner may ask for directions. In English, the words used for directions often vary depending on what kind of English the speaker uses. After Ss read this dialogue, you can ask them to identify the differences in directions given by Amy and the lady. Here is a list. Amy （American） Lady （British） subway underground left left-hand side keep going straight go straight on two blocks two streets right right-hand side Step 3. writing Purpose: To make a poster that shows all your ideas clearly . 1. Individual work: Since Ss are very young and many would like to learn English well, so please list some reasons why we should learn English well. And then ask Ss to answer one by one. Suggested Answers: (1)to use for business. (2)to talk to people who speak English. (3)to use in school. (4)to read English books. 2 Group work: Divide Ss into several groups and ask them to write a poster and ask some of them to read their passage. Sample poster.
Periods 5 Reading and speaking Step1 reading Activity 1 T：Let’s try to find it out whether it is the case.Now please turn to page 13, we will learn “using language”. read it fast and then answer these questions. 1.Is there the same case？Can you list some examples？ 2.Why are there so many dialects in the US？ 3.What is the standard English？ 4.Do you think there’s the standard English？ 5.Can you tell an interesting or funny story that shows great difference between dialects in Chinese？ (note: ask five students to answer the questions) Suggested answers： 1.Yes.It has many dialects，such as Midwestern，southern，African American and Spanish dialects. 2.Because people have come from all over the world.Geography also plays a part in making dialects. 3.It is believed to be the English spoken on TV and the radio. 4.No. 5.Keys or Kiss？ One friend of mine was giving an English lesson to a class of adults who had recently come to live in the United States.After placing quite a number of everyday objects on a table he asked various members of the class to give him the ruler，the book，the pen and so on.The class went very smoothly，and the students seemed interested and serious about the work that they were engaged in until my friend turned to an Italian and said，“Give me the keys.” The man looked surprised and somewhat at a loss（有点手足无措）. Seeing this，my friend thought that the student hadn’t heard him clearly，so he repeated，“Give me the keys.” The Italian shrugged his shoulders.Then，he threw his arms around the teacher’s neck and kissed him on both cheeks. Activity 2 T: Undeline the topic sentence of each paragraph 统括保单Para. 1: There is no such a thing as Standard English. Para. 2: English has many dialects whose words and expressions are different from “standard English”. Para. 3: Geography plays a part in making dialects. Step 2 speaking. 昂达vx610w时尚版 T: From the passage, we know aithough American speak English, there are their dialect.It is obvious that there are the differences between countries.There is a dialogue which also shows the difference. Activity 1. Lead ss to read three dialogues. Ask Ss to read the dialogues according to roles. Activity 2 Find the British and American words but have the same meaning. Ⅲ. Language points 1. request n/v 要求， 请求 request sb to do sth request that sb (should) do sth Eg: I requested them to stop making such noise. I requested that he should leave at once She requested that I should be there. at sb’s request= at the request of sb 应某人之请求 by request of 由于受到要求 make a request for sth from sb 向某人要求某物 in request 有需要， 受欢迎 I bought it at your request He made repeated requests for money from his father. 2.command n/v command sb to do sth command that sb should do sth Eg: They commanded him to come down. He commanded that each of them should come at 8 o’clock.. In command of 统帅…… Underthe command of 在……统帅下， 在…..指挥下 get command of 控制 command oneself 控制自己 Eg: The general is in command of the army. The army is under the command of the general. 3.上海劳动报Believe it or not, there is no ……… believe it or not 信不信由你 Eg: Believe it or not, I met a super football star this morning on the street. Believe it or not, I came to your house yesterday evening but you were out. 4. play a part/role in 在….. 起作用， 扮演……角 play an important/active/significant in Eg: Wtaer plays an important part in our daily life. She plays an role in the play. 5. recognize v, 认出， 识别出， 辨别出。 原来认识，经过一段时间重新认出。 终止性动词 Know v 认识， 延续性动词。相互十分熟悉。 Recognize sb as Recognize sb/sth to be 认为是……. Eg: I recognize him as a celever man. They recognize him to be a great leader. I have known him for ten years. But I didn’t recognize him just now because he has changed a lot. Ⅳ. Summary and homework T: Today we learned what standart English ang dialect are. And also we learned some words and phrases, so after class you will use them to make sentences. Period 6 listening Teaching aims: To Get more information on English dialect. To improve Ss’ listening skill Teaching important knots: Use the sentence patterns in life. Understand the listening material. Teaching difficult points: How to improve students’ listening skills Teaching aids: cassette recorder, tape Teaching time: 45 munitues Teaching procedures: Step 1 Greetings and Revision Greet the whole class as usual. T：Yesterday we learnt the sentence patterns which express commands and requests.Who can tell me something about it？ S：To express commands，we can use “Do...；Do ”. S：To express requests，we can use “Do...please；Do please；Will ？Would ？Can ？Could ？” T：Yes，you are right.Then how can we change them into Indirect Speech？ S：If it is a command，we can use “sb. told/ordered sb. ；sb. told/ordered not ”. S：If it is a request，we can use “sb. asked sb （not） to do”. T：Please tell which one is the right answer. “____________，”Li Ming said to his teacher. A.Can you buy me a new watch？ B.Give me that book， C.Lend me your bike， D.Could you help me with my English？ S：I think D is the right answer. T：Could you tell me why？ S：Because A is not logical.B and C are commands.In last period we learnt that commands should be made by people who have authority.So I think here D is right. T：Your explanation is perfect. Step 2 Talking （Workbook P48） T：Great.Now let’s practise the sentence patterns by making up dialogues.So please turn to P48 and look at the part of talking.Please work in groups of four.And choose one situation to role-play. （5 minutes for preparation） T：Now let’s begin. Possible version： Group 1： A.（foreigner）：Excuse me，could you give me a hand？ B：Sure.You seem to be looking for someone. A：Yes.My Chinese friends and I promised to meet at the exit of the subway. B：Could you speak a bit slowly.I can’t quite follow you.I guess you are looking for your Chinese friends. A：I’m sorry.I wasn’t noticing it just now.Yeah，we said that we would meet here—the exit of the subway at And it is 2：15，but I still can not find them. B：Exit 1 or Exit 2？ A：What do you mean？There’re 2 exits？ B：Yes.Here are two exits.So you should be sure which one is where you promised to meet. A：I see.I am sure that they must be waiting for me at the other exit.Thank you very much! Group 2： （P：parents；W：waitress；Y：you） P：Excuse me，could you tell me where the toilet is？ W：Er...the restroom？Well，go straight ahead，and it will be at the end of the corridor. P：But we do not need rest.We are just looking for a toilet. Y：I mean we want to go the WC. W：WC？We don’t have one. Y：No WC!How can a restaurant have no WC？ W：I’m sorry!But what do you really mean by saying WC？ Y：It’s a place where we can wash hands. W：Ah，I see.Well，go up to the second floor. Y：Thank you so much! （You and your parents go up two floors but only find empty rooms there.） W：Have you found it？ Y：No，we went up two floors，but we didn’t find a toilet but empty rooms. Group 3： honeys中国A：Excuse me，could you help me？ B：Sure？What’s it？ A：Our English teacher is telling us something important，but I can quite follow her.She’s speaking so fast. B：Yeah，she’s really speaking fast.Then how can I help you？ A：Could you ask the teacher to speak a little bit slowly？ B：Of course I can，but why don’t you do so？ A：Er... B：I see. （Student B puts up his hand） T：Yes？ B：I’m sorry，but would you speak a little slowly？ Step 3 Listening （Ⅰ） T：Yesterday，we have learnt something about dialects in the US.Today let us listen to the dialogue spoken with an accent.Please turn to the listening part on P14.First listen and find out how many people there are in the dialogue and who they are. S：... T：Great!Now please listen to it again，and answer the questions on the text book. （after listening） Have you got the answers？Now compare notes with your partner. T：Are you sure about your answers now？Let’s check together. T：You did a very good job.Now we will listen to it again.After that，you should retell the story to your partner.See？ S：... T：So you see，there is some difficulty for people to understand the dialects.Right？So what we do while learning English？ S：We can learn standard English. S：I don’t think so，because we have learnt that there’s no standard English actually.So I think what we should do is to pronounce better，and use the correct words and grammar. Step 4 Listening （Ⅱ） T：By reading the passage “ the road to modern English“，we have known English is a world language which is spoken in many countries and areas.In this period we will listen to native speakers from different English-speaking countries.Please move to P51 and look at Listening Task.Now several students in an international high school in Shanghai are describing where they come from.What do you think you will hear in their introduction？ S：I guess they will talk about the location，climate，people，custom，specific things，and so on. T：You are very clever.We are introducing some place，most of time we will give some description of the climate，people，custom，people，history，places of interests，and so on. T：Listen carefully，then tell which topics are mentioned. S：... T：Good.Then I will play the tape again.This time you should try to guess the name of each student’s country. S：... T：Good job.This time，you should pay much attention to each student’s description.After listening it again，you should describe the country using your own words. S：... T：Well done!Now work in groups of four and discuss with your partners why English is spoken in so many places around the world.Make a list of the reasons and then report your group work with other groups. Step 5 Summary This class we have review the grammar part by using it in daily life.We have practised reading as well.We learn the language in order to use it.So I advise you practise using what we learnt daily so that they can be part of your knowledge. Step 6 Homework Look up the words left in the vocabulary in the dictionary. Design of the blackboard | 旁注 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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