1.DNA Denaturation(变性) When duplex DNA molecules are subjected to conditions of pH ,temperature, or ionic strength that disrupt base-paring interactions, the DNA molecule has lost its’ native conformation, and double helix DNA is separated to single strand DNA as individual randome coils. That is, the DNA is denatured.
2.Renaturation（复性）新疆医科大学学报Removing the denaturation factors slowly or in proper conditions, the denatured DNA (ssDNA) restore native structure (dsDNA) and functions. This process is dependent on both DNA concentration and time.
3.Hybridization （核酸分子杂交）when heterogeneous DNA or RNA are put together, they will become to heteroduplex via the base-pairing rules during renaturation if they are complementary in parts (not completely). This is called molecular hybridization. 4.Hyperchromic effect （增效应）The absorbance at 260 nm of a DNA solution increases when the double helix is separated into single strands because of the bases unstack.
5.Ribozyme （核酶）are the RNA molecules with catalytic activity. The activity of these ribozymes often involves the cleavage of a nucleic acid.
6.De novo synthesis (从头合成)De novo synthesis of nucleotides begins with their metabolic precursors: amino acids, ribose-5-phosphate, one carbon units, CO2. mostly in liver.
7.Salvage pathways （补救合成）Salvage pathways recycle the free bases and nucleosides released from nucleic acid breakdown. Mostly in brain and marrow.
8.Semi-conservative replication (半保留复制）DNA is synthesized by separation of the strands of a parental duplex, each then acting as a template for synthesis of a complementary strand based on the base-paring rule. Each daughter molecule has one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.
9.Telomere（端粒）： Specialized structure at the end of a linear eukaryotic chromosome, which consists of proteins and DNA, tandem repeats of a short G-rich sequ
ence on the 3 ' ending strand and its complementary sequence on the 5' ending strand, allows replication of the extreme 5' ends of the DNA without loss of genetic information and maintains the stability of eukaryote chromosome.
10.Telomerase（端粒酶） An RNA-containing reverse transcriptase that using the RNA as a template, adds nucleotides to the 3 ' ending strand and thus prevents progressive shortening of eukaryotic linear DNA molecules during replication.
11.Reverse transcription (逆转录）Synthesis of a double-strand DNA from an RNA template.
12.Reverse transcriptase (逆转录酶）A DNA polymerase that uses RNA as its template.
activity: RNA-dependent DNA polymerase; RNAse H;DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
13.The central dogma (中心法则）It described that the flow of genetic information is from DNA to RNA and then to protein. According to the central dogma, DNA directs the s
武汉三镇
食品有限公司
工业经济ynthesis of RNA, and RNA then directs the synthesis of proteins.
14.asymmetric transcription（不对称转录） 1..Transcription generally involves only short segments of a DNA molecule, and within those segments only one of the two DNA strands serves as a template. 2.The template strand of different genes is not always on the same strand of DNA. That is, in any chromosome, different genes may use different strands as template.
15.template strand （模板链）The DNA strand that serves as a template for transcription. (The relationship between template and transcript is base paring and anti-parallel)
16.non-template strand (or coding strand)（编码连）安徽省立新安医院>纵目人是什么意思The DNA strand that opposites to the template strand.(Note that it has the same sequence as the synthesized RNA, except for the replacement of U with T ) 17.promoter is the DNA sequence at which RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription. It is always located on the upstream of a gene.
18.Split genes (断裂基因)排灌机械工程学报Split genes are those in which regions that are represented in mature mRNAs or structural RNAs (exons) are separated by regions that are transcribed along with exons in the primary RNA products of genes, but are removed from within the primary RNA molecule during RNA processing steps (introns).
19.Exon(外显子) can be expressed in primary transcript and are the sequences that are represented in mature RNA molecules, it encompasses not only protein-coding genes but also the genes for various RNA (such as tRNAs or rRNAs)
20.Intron（内含子） can be expressed and be the intervening nucleotide sequences that are removed from the primary transcript when it is processed into a mature RNA.
21.Spliceosome（剪切体） A multicomponent complex contains proteins and snRNAs that are involved in mRNA splicing.
22.Translation（翻译） The process of protein synthesis in which the genetic information present in an mRNA molecule (transcribed from DNA) determines the sequence of amino acids by the genetic codons. Translation occurs on ribosomes.
23.genetic codon（密码子） The genetic code is a triplet code read continuously from a fixed starting point in each mRNA, also called triplet. Genetic code defines the relationship between the base sequence of mRNA and the amino acid sequence of polypeptide.
豫公网安备41160202000603
站长QQ:729038198
关于我们
投诉建议