翻译方法及练习

翻译方法及练习(一)
I. Amplification(增补)
  所谓增补法,就是翻译时在译文中增加一些词语以符合译文语言的表达方式。增补的前提是不损害原文的意思,其效果是译文更加准确、通顺。增补法根据不同的情况大致分为四类:结构性增补、语义性增补、修辞性增补和外化性增补。其中结构性增补使用较多,下面三个例题均采用这种方法。
  1. He has been broadcasting for 4 hours without any mistakes.
  他连续播音四个小时,没有出现任何差错。(增补谓语动词出现中兴u980”
  2. The big sites, which had the important political, economic and religious things going on, are almost all gone.
  这些大的遗址,过去曾是进行重要的政治、经济和宗教活动的场所,现在几乎当然无存了。(增补状语过去现在…”
  3. Some people say there is disappointment in their own cherished beliefs about people and a city they once loved.
  有人说,过去人们是可以信赖的,自己喜爱的城市是可以信赖的,现在这种信念已经破灭了。(同上)
II. Omission(减省法)
  与增补法相反,减省法是对原文中某些词语略而不译。这是出于译语行文习惯的需要而采用的一种翻译技巧。我们知道,英汉两种语言在表达方式上存在着很多差异,为使行文通顺畅达,有时不得不略去一些词汇。减省法主要有两类:句法性减省和修辞性减省。例题1为句法性减省,例题23采用修辞性减省。
  1. Let's think of a situation where this idiom can be used.
我们来想一个可以使用这个习语的场合。(省略关系副词)
  2. University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.
  报考大学的人,有工作经验的优先录取。
  3. She stood there calm and quiet, waiting for their decision.
  她镇静地坐在那里,等候他们的决定。(省略重复的词)
III. Division(拆分法)
  拆分法主要用于长句的翻译。英语多用长句,而汉语多用短句,所以拆分法应用最为广泛。英语中有很多长句是由众多的从句、分句或短语组合而成的。这类句子是翻译中的难点,所以,要特别注意理顺原文的头绪,然后再按照汉语的行文习惯重新安排句子的顺序。这就需要掌握一些拆句技巧,即把一个长句译成几个句子。下面是几种常见的拆分法。
A. 拆分还有定语从句的复合句
  1. Doctor Strong regard him with puzzled and doubting look, which almost immediately subsided into a smile that gave me great encouragement.
  斯特朗博士望着他,面露疑惑的神态,但这种神态差不多马上就化为笑容,这给了我很大的鼓舞。
  2. My working place was established in a corner of the warehouse, where Mr.Quinion could see me, when he chose to stand up on the bottom rail of his stool in the counting-house, and look at me through a window above the desk.
  我做工的地方就在店铺的一个角落里,昆尼恩先生能望得到的地方。他只要站在帐房凳子的最低的那根横木上,要看就可以从书桌上面的窗子里看见我了。
B. 方正防火墙拆分还有其他从句的复合长句
  3. My opinion of you is that no man knows better than you when to speak and when others to speak for you; when to make scenes and threaten resignation; and when to be as cool as a cucumber.
  没有人比你更懂得什么时候改开口,什么时候该由别人替你开口,什么时候该闹起来,以辞职相威胁;什么时候又该保持冷静。这就是我对你的看法。(由that引导的从句在全句
中作表语,从意义上看,该表语是全句的重心,翻译时,将其提出来先译,可达到强调的效果,与原文语义相符)
  4. A report of the proposed compromise plan come from a reliable source only a few hours after the president's social envoy, Mr.X, emerged from his fifth secret session with the Egyptian Foreign Minister and told newsman "A solution is in sight".
  关于折中方案的消息是从一位可靠人士传出来的。在此之前不过几小时,总统的特使某先生在与埃及外长进行第五次密谈后,他对记者说解决方案现已在望。(此句中的时间状语从句又长又复杂,只好单独成句,否则不好理解。此句的重心在主句,应先翻译,同时还要注意从句所述情况是先发生的,时间顺序不能搞错。)
C. 拆分还有各类短语的长句
  5. To set down your reaction to important words and sentences you have read, and the questions they have raised in your mind, is to preserve those reactions and sharpen those questions.
  将你所读的重要词语和句子的感受写下来,将它们在你脑子里引起的问题记下来。这样就可以将这些感受长久的保存下来,并可以使那些问题更加明确起来。(原句中动词不定式短语作主语,这一部分在汉译时单独成句,并用这样二字引出第二个分句,避免了主语过长。)地震与海啸的关系
  6. His chief contribution was making me realize how much more than knowledge I had been getting from him.
他让我领悟到,过去我跟他学的不仅是知识,还有很多别的东西,这是他最大的贡献。
IV. Combination(合并法)
  合并法使用的比较少,主要是因为英语长句多,短句少。但我们偶尔也会遇见到英语中一些较短的句子,在汉译时并非一定要译成一个个的短句,把他们合并起来翻译,省掉一些重复的词语或句子成分,使译文的逻辑关系更紧凑,语义更明确,语言的表现力更强。
  1. He was frightened into shaking and trembling.
深圳a股  他吓得浑身发抖。
  2. The young man was very miserable. He had no money about him. All savings had been stolen.
  这个年轻人很惨,积攒的钱被人偷的一干二净,已落到了身无分文的地步。(原文中有三个短句,翻译时,先将后两句换序再与前一句结合,比较符合汉语的叙事习惯。
  3. I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I supposed to my mother.
  我感到有人走近,便伸出了手,以为是把手伸向母亲。
英汉翻译常用的方法和技巧练习(二)
一、翻译句子,注意right 在句中的词类来确定它的词义
1. it is not right for children to sit up late    孩子们睡得晚不 adj
2. the plane was right above out heads  飞机 布谷鸟2012正好 在我们头上面    adv
3. in the negative, right and left, and black and white are reversed 照片底片上,左 黑白与正片恰好相反 n
4. she tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery 她尽力为她丈夫被控抢劫 伸冤 v.
二、翻译句子,注意根据上下文及搭配关系来确定斜体词的词义
account for
1. he is ill; that accounts for his absence. 他病了,这就是他缺席的 原因
2. In this battle he accounted for five of the enemy 他在这场战斗中南湖中园小学 消灭 了五个敌人
3. i want you to account for every cent you spent 我要你把花费的每分钱都 交代清楚
make up
1. if the stove isn’t made up, it will go out 如不 添煤 ,炉子就会熄灭
2. there isn't any girl called Clementine. he's just made her up 根本没有个叫。。。的姑娘,全是他 捏造 出来的

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