伴与不伴边缘性人格障碍的首发中青年抑郁症患者认知功能、临床症状的差异及其相关性分析

•750•现代半举讲展biomedjournals Progress in Modem Biomedicine VoL21 NO.4 FEB»2021
doi: 10.13241/jki.pmb.2021.04.032
伴与不伴边缘性人格障碍的首发中青年抑郁症患者认知功能临床症状
的差异及其相关性分析*
李宁韩克艳△王育梅胡蕊高媛媛
(河北医科大学第一医院精神卫生科河北石家庄050000)
摘要目的:比较伴与不伴有边缘性人格障碍(B P D)的首发中青年抑郁症患者认知功能及临床症状的差异,并分析相关性。方法:选取自2017年3月至2020年1月于我院就诊的首发中青年抑郁症患者167例,按照纳入标椎及排除标椎,剔除21例不符合者,最终入组146例。将伴有B P D的抑郁症患者归为研究组(72例),不伴有B P D的抑郁症患者归为对照组(74例)。采用韦氏记忆量表(_S-R C)、韦氏智能量表(W A I S-R C)、威斯康星卡片分类测验(W C S T)对两组患者进行认知功能的对照性评估,采用症状自评量表(S C L-90)评估患者临床症状,P e a r s o n相关性分析患者认知功能与临床症状的关系结果:研究组的人际关系敏感因子评分较对照组升高(户:0.05)。研究组即刻记忆、语言智商数、操作智商数评分均低于对照组,而持续错误数多于对照组(P<0.05)。经P e a r s o n相关性分析可得:伴有B P D的首发中
青年抑郁症患者人际关系敏感因子评分与即刻记忆、语言智商数、操作智商数均呈负相关关系(P C0.05),而与持续错误数呈正相关关系(f<0.05)。结论:伴有B P D的首发中青年抑郁症患者较不伴有B P D的抑郁症患者认知功能受损更为严重,人际关系敏感性更高,且患者的认知功能与临床症状存在一定的关联。
关键词:抑郁症;边缘性人格障碍;认知功能;中青年;临床症状
中图分类号:R395;R395.6文献标识码:A文章编号:丨673-6273(2021)04-750-04
The Difference and Correlation Analysis of Cognitive Function and Clinical Symptoms of First-episode Young in Middle-aged Depression Patients with and without Borderline Personality Disorder*公案小说
LI Ning, H A N Ke-yart1, WANG Yu-mei, HU Ruiy GAO Yuan-yuan
(D epartm ent o f M ental Health, The First Hospital o f H ebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China)
ABSTRACT Objective:T o c o m p a r e the differences of cognitive function an d clinical s y m p t o m s between the first-episode y o u n g in middle-aged depression patients with and without borderli
ne personality disorder (BPD). Methods:167 patients with first-episode depression w e r e selected in our hospital from M a r c h 2017 to January 2020. 21 patients wer e excluded according to the standard vertebra, a nd 146 patients w e r e finally enrolled. T h e patients with B P D w e r e divided into study group (72 cases) a nd control group (74 cases). Wechsler M e m o r y Scale (W M S-R C), Wechsler Intelligence Scale (W A I S-R C), Wisconsin C a r d Sorting Test (W C S T) were used to assess the cognitive function of the patients in the study group and the control group, a nd the s y m p t o m checklist 90(SCL-90) w a s used to assess the patient's clinical symptoms. T h e relationship b e tween cognitive function and clinical s y m p t o m s w a s analyzed by Pearson correlation anal- ysis. Results:T h e interpersonal sensitivity factor score of the study group w a s higher than that of the control group (2.22± 0.21) (P<0.05). T h e scores of immediate m e m o r y, verbal IQ a nd operational I Q in the study group wer e lower than those in the control group, while the n u m b e r of persistent errors w a s m o r e than that in the control group (f*<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis s h o w e d that inteq^ersonal sen­sitivity of first-episode y o u n g in middle-aged depression patients with B P D w a s negatively correlated with immediate m e m o r y, verbal IQ and operational I Q(P<0.05), while positively correlated with persistent error n u m b e r(P<0.05). Conclusion:T h e first-episode y o u n g in middle-aged depression patients with B P D i s m o r e serious than that of patients without B P D, and the interpersonal relationship sensitivity of patients with B P D i s higher t
http 代理han that of patients without B P D, and there i s a certain correlation between cognitive function and clinical symptoms.
Key words:Depression; Borderline personality disorder; Cognitive function; Y o u n g a nd middle-aged people; Clinical s y m p t o m s Chinese Library Classification(CLC):R395; R395.6 Document code:A
Article ID: 1673-6273(2021)04-750-04
*基金项目:河北省医学科学研究重点课题计划项目(20180241)
作者简介:李宁(1983-),男,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:抑郁症,E-mail: *****************
△通讯作者:韩克艳(1980-),女,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:抑郁症,E-mail: ********************
(收稿日期:2020-07-04接受日期:2020-07-28)
现代生物医学biomed.ciijournals Progress in Modern Biomedicine VoL21 NO.4 FEB*2021•751•
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抑郁症以显著而持久的情绪、兴趣减少、快感缺失为主要 临床特征,具有高复发率、高自杀率、髙致残率的特点,其中复 发率高达80%,自杀率约为10%〜15%,致残率约为18%,此病 不仅对患者本身具有较大的折磨,而且加重了患者家庭及社会 的负担。边缘性人格障碍(B PD)是一种以人际关系、自我形 象、情感的不稳定以及显著冲动为基本特征的情感障碍近年来多项研究显示多数抑郁症患者伴有认知功能损害,其 主要表现在执行能力、记忆以及注意力等方面,而关于伴有 B P D的抑郁症患者认知功能的损害及临床特点却鲜有报道。本 研究的主要目的是比较伴与不伴有B P D的首发中青年抑郁症 患者认知功能及临床症状的差异并分析相关性,以期为临床防 治中青年抑郁症提供参考依据。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
选取自2017年3月至2020年1月于我院就诊的首发中 青年抑郁症患者167例,患者均签署了知情同意书。纳人标准:(1)年龄范围为21-50岁;(2)符合抑郁症的诊断标准™,人组时 24项Hamilton抑郁量表(HAMD-24)评分>35分;(3 )初中或 以上文化程度,具备一定的视听能力以完成检查;(4)病程1-7 个月。排除标准:(1)合并有精神活性物质依赖;(2)精神发育迟 滞、痴呆、盲和聋哑残疾患者;(3)伴严重的心、肝、脑、肾等躯体 疾病。剔除21例不符合者,最终人组146例,将伴有B P D的抑 郁症
患者归为研究组[HAMD-24评分>35分、米氏B P D检测 表(MS1-BPD)评分2 7分]:共72例,其中男29例,女43例;年 龄范围(21-42)岁,平均年龄(31.19± 8.12)岁;受教育程度:S 12年33例,>12年39例;病程范围(2-6)月,平均病程(4.63± 1.19)月;不伴有B P D的抑郁症患者归为对照组(HAMD-24评 分>35分;MSI-B P D评分<7分):共74例,其中男34例,女40 例;受教育程度:S12年39例,>12年35例;年龄范围(23-45)岁,平均年龄(30.18± 6.56)岁;病程范围(2-6)月,平均 病程(4.27± 1.65)月。两组一般资料方面比较无明显差异(尸>〇.〇5),具有可比性。
1.2研究方法
1.2.1研究工具(1)采用症状自评量表(SCL-90严对患者的临床症状进行评估:该量表主要包括精神病性、偏执、敌对、恐 怖、焦虑、抑郁、强迫症状、躯体化以及人际关系敏感9个方面,每个方面得分越高预示该方面症状越明显。(2)采用韦氏记忆 量表(WMS-R C)、韦氏智能量表(WAIS-R C)、威斯康星卡片分 类测验(W C ST)对两组患者的认知功能进行评估:WAIS-R C评 分包括语言智商数、操作智商数、智商数,得分越高表示智 力越佳;_S-R C评分™:主要内容囊括长时记忆、短时记忆以 及即刻记忆,得分越高预示记忆力越好;W C S T评分主要内
容涵盖根据颜(红、黄、绿、蓝)、形状(三角形、十字形、圆形、五角星形)和图形数量(1、2、3、4)的不同而制作的128张卡片。为受试者展示1个红三角、2个绿五角星、3个黄十字和4个蓝 圆形
的4张模板,随后要求受试者完成所有卡片的分类。观察 指标囊括总测验次数、正确应答数、错误应答数、持续错误数、完成分类数。(3)MSI-B P D评分该量表是Zanarini等人于 2003年编制的针对边缘性人格障碍的自评问卷,记分标准为 符合题意记为1分,否则记为0分,整个问卷的得分为0-10 分。根据研究结果,该问卷得分7分点的敏感性为0.81,特异性 为0.85,好于其它各点,因此将该点定位cutoff点。
1.2.2实施方法由4名经验丰富的精神卫生科主治医师以 上职称医师向人组对象解释研究目的和意义并征得人组对象 同意,按人组标椎及排除标准筛选人组对象,将入组对象分为 研究组及对照组,对两组分别进行WAIS-R C、WMS-R C、W C-S T、SCL-90检查和评定。
1.3统计学处理
以SPSS22.0软件完成数据的统计分析,以%、(j c± d分别 表示计数资料、计量资料,进行f、t检验。采用Person相关性分 析患者认知功能与临床症状的关系,以P C0.05为差异有统计 学意义。
2结果
2.1两组临床症状评价
研究组患者的人际关系敏感因子评分高于对照组(P<0.05),两组其他因子评分比较未见显著性差异(P>
0.05)。见表1。
表1两组S C L-90各因子分比较(rf X,分)
Table 1Comparison of SCL-90 factor scores between the two groups(A± s,scores) Factors Study group(n=72)Control group( n=74)t P Somatization  1.75± 0.26  1.61± 0.75  1.4990.136 Obsessive compulsive
symptoms
2.42± 0.71  2.32± 0.690.8630.390
Psychotic  2.76± 0.61  2.58± 0.71  1.6410.103 Paranoia  2.67± 0.11  2.63± 0.18  1.6150.109 Hostile  1.34± 0.41  1.29± 0.720.5140.608 Fear  1.67± 0.24  1.74± 0.31  1.5230.130 Depressed  2.83± 0.21  2.81± 0.110.7240.470 Anxious  2.38± 0.11  2.35± 0.16  1.3170.187 Interpersonal sensitivity  2.86± 0.91  2.47± 0.79  2.7680.006
• 752 •现物医学biomecLcnjournals Progress in Modern Biomedicine VoL21 NO.4 FEB«2021
2.2两组认知功能比较 于对照组,而持续错误数多于对照组(P<0.05),见表2。
研究组患者即刻记忆、语言智商数、操作智商数评分均低
表2两组认知功能的比较(妊d
Table 2 Comparison of cognitive function between the two groups(i± 5)
Rating scales Projects Study group
(n=72)
Control group
(n=74)
t P
W A I S-R C long-term memory(scores)39.24± 3.2140.23± 5.32  1.3570.177 short-term memory(scores)50.32± 6.2151.65± 9.23  1.3910.166
immediate memory(scores)10.11± 2.8213.25 ± 3.45  6.0120.000 W M S-R C verbal IQ(scores)91.81± 9.0897.56± 11.17  3.4080.001 operational IQ(scores)85.76± 3.5689_14± 11.25  2.
4330.016 IQ( s cores)115.81± 9.76119.21± 11.32  1.9140.054 W C S T number of total tests( counts)75.19± 10.1174.28± 17.020.3910.696 number of Correct answers( counts)24.32± 12.2425.80± 11.950.7390.461
number of persistent errors(counts)36.12± 10.1231.27± 11.93  2.6460.009
number of R a n d o m error (counts)24.12± 11.1021.34± 9.54  1.6240.104 N u m b e r of categories completed( counts)  4.97± 0.23  4.99± 0.240.5140.608
2.3伴有B P D的首发中青年抑郁症患者认知功能与临床症状的相关性分析
经Pearson相关性分析可得J半有B P D的首发中青年抑郁症患者人际关系敏感因子评分与即刻记忆、语言智商数、操作 智商数均呈负相关关系(P<〇.〇5),而与持续错误数呈正相关 关系(P C0.05)。见表3。
表3伴有B P D的首发中青年抑郁症患者认知功能与临床症状的相关性分析
Table 3 Correlation Analysis of cognitive ftinction and clinical symptoms of first-episode young in middle-aged depression patients with B P D
Interpersonal sensitivity factors
Factors
r P Immediate m e m o r y-0.4730.025 Verbal IQ-0.5180.014 Operational IQ-0.4920.020 N u m b e r of persistent errors0.5320.012
3讨论
抑郁症作为临床常见的情感障碍性疾病之一,主要特征涵 盖情绪低落、思维迟缓以及认知功能损害等[|W81。目前认为,引发抑郁症的有关发病因素相对较多,其中最为重要的因素在于 应激性的生活事件和个人对认知的调节方式。由于抑郁症患者 的心理疏解能力较差,患者发生的最危险后果通常为自杀,其 已经成为患者死亡的重要诱因。因此,在对患者实施时,应 鉴别出有自杀企图或意识的患者,并积极为其进行科学有效的 。研究报道指出,自杀企图或(和)行为均是抑郁症严重后 果,其中抑郁症病例的自杀风险远远高于正常人12i2\B P D患 者的主要特征是在情感控制、人际关系、自我形象、冲动控制等 方面存在不稳定性。患者对环境变化非常敏感,个体会有一种 不稳定的紧张的人际关系模式,其认为分离或拒绝即将来临或 失去外部支持,可导致自我情感、认知和行为上的深刻改变,患者为了免遭遗弃可能出现自残或自杀等一系列不良行为
临床发现,部分抑郁症患者往往同时合并有B P D症状,且BPD 还会对抑郁症的效果产生较为消极的不良影响。解决措施 主要在于提升此类合并症患者的短期疗效.同时有效提升 其对于措
施的依从性,强化其对方案的信心。本研究 比较伴有B P D的首发中青年抑郁症患者认知功能及临床症状 的差异,并分析二者之间的相关性,有助于更好地辅助抑 郁症。
本文结果显示,研究组患者的人际关系敏感评分高于对照 组,这充分提示了伴有B P D的抑郁症患者抑郁、偏执的症状更 为突出,对人际关系的敏感程度也更高,导致患者自杀的风险 更大。抑郁症病例普遍存在不同程度的认知功能受损,亦是影 响患者病情康复以及社会功能的因素,甚至可能以残留症状的 形式伴随病例此外,研究组认知功能明显低于对照组,且 在即刻记忆、语言智商数、操作智商数、持续错误数方面的差异
现代生物医学进展biomedjournals Progress in Modem Biomedicine VoL21 NO.4 FEB.2021• 753 .
明显。已有研究证实,脑内神经递质的比例变化与抑郁症患者 的情感状态和认知功能相关M,本研究结果提示,伴有B P D的 抑郁症患者脑内神经递质比例变化可能更明显。WAIS-R C反 映了患者的认知功能变化情况,而WMS-R C有效体现了患者 的记忆功能,W C S T则反映了抽象思维中的执行功能,而执行 功能是个体为实现特定理想通过各种方式调控相关子系统活 动的过程,其意义在于一种协同作用,若个体的执行功能下降,上述协同作用受影响,从而极易促使个体在认知过程中出现错 误,进一步对解决问题能力造成负面影响【27#。本研究提示伴有 B P D的抑郁症患者执行功能受损更
为严重,解决问题的能力以 及处理复杂操作的能力更差,也提示伴有B P D的抑郁症患者 额叶局部脑损害程度明显高于不伴有B P D的抑郁症患者。另外,经Pearson相关性分析可得:伴有B P D的首发中青年抑郁 症患者人际关系敏感因子评分与即刻记忆、语言智商数、操作 智商数均呈负相关关系,而与持续错误数呈正相关关系。考虑 原因,笔者推测可能是随着人际关系敏感症状的加重,往往反 映了患者的病情较严重,认知以及记忆损害程度较高,最终呈 现了相应的变化[29301。
综上所述,伴有B P D的首发中青年抑郁症病例临床症状 较为显著,且认知功能受损更严重。对该类病患的临床症状及 认知功能进行评估具有极其重要的作用,亦是临床干预措施制 定的重要参考依据。
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