Lesson4 The Trial That Rockedthe World
震撼世界的审判
A buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packedcourt on that swelter ing July day in 1925. The counsel for my defence was the famouscrimina l lawyerClarenc e Darrow.Leading counsel for the prosecu tion was William Jenning s Bryan, the silver-tongued orator, three times Democra tic nominee for Preside nt of the UnitedStates,and leaderof the fundame ntalis t movemen t that had brought about my trial.
在一九二五年七月的那个酷热日子里，当我在挤得水泄不通的法庭里就位时，人中响起一阵嘁嘁喳喳的议论声。我的辩护人是著名刑事辩护律师克拉伦斯.房屋公园
达罗。担任主控官的则是能说会道的演说家威廉.詹宁斯.布莱恩，他曾三次被民主党提名为美国总统候选人，而且还是导致我这次受审的基督教原教旨主义运动的领导人。
A few weeks beforeI had been an unknown school-teacher in Dayton, a littletown in the mountai ns of Tenness ee. Now I was involve d in a trial reporte d the world over. Seatedin court, ready to testify on my behalf,were a dozen disting uished profess ors and scienti sts, led by Profess or Kirtley Matherof H
arvard Univers ity. More than 100 reporte rs were on hand, and even radio announc er s, who for the first time in history were to broadca st a jury trial. "Don't worry, son, we'll show them a few tricks," Darrowhad whisper ed throwin g a reassur ing arm round my shoulde r as we were waiting for the court to open.
几个星期之前，我还只是田纳西州山区小镇戴顿的一名默默无闻的中学教员，而现在我却成了一次举世瞩目的庭审活动的当事人。在法庭就座为我作证的有以哈佛大学的科特里o马瑟教授为首的十几位有名望的教授和科学家。到场的还有一百多名新闻记者，甚至还有一些广播电台的播音员，他们也要破天荒地播放一次庭审实况。就在我们静候着法庭开审的当儿，达罗关切地搂住我的肩膀低声安慰道："别担心，孩子，我们会给他们点厉害瞧瞧。" The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Daytonas science masterand footbal l coach at the seconda ry school. For a numberof years a clash had been buildin g up between the fundame ntalis ts and the moderni sts. The fundame ntalis ts adhered to a literal interpr etatio n of the Old Testame nt. The moderni sts, on the other hand, accepte d the theoryadvance d by Charles Darwin-- that all animallife, includi ng monkeys and men, had evolved from a commonancesto r.
我刚到戴顿中学任自然科学教员兼足球教练不久，这件案子就突然降临到我的头上。若干年来，原教旨主义者和现代主义者之间就一直在酝酿着一场冲突。
原教旨主义者坚持严格按照字面意义去理解《旧约全书》，而现代主义者则接受查尔斯o达尔文的进化论--认为一切动物，包括猿和人，都是由同一个祖先进化而来的。
Fundame ntalis m was strongin Tenness ee, and the state legisla ture had recentl y passeda law prohibi ting the teachin g of "any theorythat deniesthe story of creatio n as taughtin the Bible." The new law was aimed squarel y at Darwin's theoryof evoluti on. An enginee r, GeorgeRappely ea, used to argue with the local peopleagainst the law. Duringone such argumen t, Rappely ea said that nobodycould teach biology without teachin g evoluti on. Since I had been teachin g biology, I was sent for.
在田纳西州，原教旨主义势力很强，州立法机构最近还通过了一项法令，禁止公开讲授"任何否定《圣经》上宣讲的创世说的理论。"这项新法规的矛头直接指向了达尔文的进化论。有位名叫乔治o拉普利亚的工程师因反对这项法规常和当地人进行辩论。有一次辩论中，拉普利亚说，任何人要讲授生物学，就不能不讲进化论。因为我就是讲授生物学的，所以他们便把我叫去作证。 "Rappely ea is right," I told them.
"拉普利亚是对的，"我对他们说。
"Then you have been violati ng the law," one of them Said.
高狄
"So has every other teacher," I replied. "Evoluti on is explain ed in Hunter's Civic Biology, and that's our textboo k." Rappely ea then made a suggest ion. "Let's take this thing to court," he said, "and test the legalit y of it."
"所有其他的教师也都在触犯法律，"我回答说。"亨特所著的《生物学基础》中就讲到了进化论，那是我们使用的教科书。"于是拉普利亚提出一个建议。"让我们将此事交付法庭判决，"他说，"以检验其是否合法。"
When I was indicte d on May 7, no one, least of all I, anticip ated that my case would snowbal l into one of the most famoustrialsin U. S. history. The America n Civil Liberti es Union announc ed that it would take my case to the U. S Supreme Court if necessa ry to establi sh that a teacher may tell the truth without being sent to jail." Then Bryan volunte ered to assistthe state in prosecu ting me. Immedia tely the renowne dlawye r Clarenc e Darrowoffered his service s to defendme. Ironica lly, I had not known Darrowbeforemy trial but I had met Bryan when he had given a talk at my univers ity. I admired him, althoug h I did not agree with his views.
当我于五月七日被正式起诉时，谁也不曾料到，我本人更没有料到我的这件案子竟会越闹越大，以至
成为美国历史上最著名的庭审案例之一。美国公民自由
联合会宣布：如有必要，联合会将把我的案子提交美国最高法院审理，"以确保教师不至于因讲授真理而被送进监狱。"接着，布莱恩自告奋勇地要协助州政府方面对我进行起诉。著名律师克拉伦斯.达罗也立即主动提出要替我辩护。具有讽刺意味的是，在这次审判之前我并不认识达罗，但我却见过布莱恩，那是我念大学的时候，他来校作过演讲。我很钦佩他，尽管我并不赞同他的观点。
By the time the trial began on July 10, our town of 1,500 peoplehad taken on a circusa tmosph ere. The buildin gs along the main streetwere festoon edwith banners. The streets aroundthe three-storeyred brick law court sproute dwithrickety standsselling hot dogs, religio us books and waterme lons. Evangel ists set up tents to exhortt he passers by. Peoplefrom the surroun ding hills, mostlyfundame ntalis ts, arrived to cheer Bryan against the " infidel outside rs" Among them was John Butler,who had drawn up the anti-evoluti on law. Butlerwas a 49-year-old farmerwho beforehis electio n had never been out of his nativecounty.
到七月十日庭审开始的时候，我们这个拥有一千五百人口的小镇上呈现出一派看马戏似的热闹气氛。大街两旁的建筑物上都挂起了彩旗。在法院的三层红砖房子周围的街道上突然冒出了许多摇摇晃晃的摊贩货架，出售的是热狗、宗教书籍和西瓜。福音传教士们也在街上搭起帐篷向行人传教布道。附近
石家庄丽池ceo会所一带的山区居民，其中多半是原教旨主义者，也纷纷赶到镇上来为布莱恩呐喊助威，打击那些"外来的异教徒"。他们当中就有具体起草了那条反进化论法令的约翰.巴特勒。巴特勒是一位四十九岁的农场主，在当选之前还从未跨出过自己的县境。
淮北师范大学学报
The presidi ng judge was John Raulsto n, a florid-faced man who announc ed: "I'm just a reg'lar mountai neer jedge." Bryan, ageingand paunchy, was assiste d in his prosecu tion by his son, also a lawyer, and Tenness ee's brillia nt young attorne y-general, Tom Stewart. Besides the shrewd68-year-old Darrow,my counsel include d the handsom e and magneti c DudleyField Malone,43, and ArthurGarfiel d Hays, quiet, scholar ly and steeped in the law. In a trial in which religio n playeda key role, Darrowwas an agnosti c, Malonea Catholi c and Hays a Jew. My fatherhad come from Kentuck y to be with me for the trial.
主审法官名叫约翰.劳尔斯顿，是一位面红润的男人。他操着浓重的地方口音高声说道："我只是个平平常常的山区法官。"布莱恩的样子老态龙钟，大腹便便。协助他进行起诉工作的有他的儿1 85子--也是个律师--及田纳西州年轻有为的检察长汤姆o斯图尔特。我的辩护人当中则除了六十八岁的精明老练的达罗外，还有英俊潇洒、富于魅力的四十三岁的达德雷.费尔德.马隆和文质彬彬、学识丰富，尤其精通法学的阿瑟.伽费尔德.黑斯。在一场宗教起着关键作用的审判案中，达罗是个不可知论者，马隆是个天主教徒，而黑斯则是个犹太教徒。我的父亲也特意从肯塔基州赶来陪我面对这次审判。
董书民
The judge calledfor a local ministe r to open the session with
prayer, and the trial got under way. Of the 12 jurors, three had never read any book exceptthe Bible. One couldn't read. As my fathergrowled, "That's one hell of a jury!"
法官请了一位当地的牧师主持开庭祷告仪式，接着审判便开始了。陪审团的十二名成员中，有三人除《圣经》之外再没有念过什么别的书，还有一人则根本不识字。难怪我父亲气呼呼地骂道："真是他妈狗屁的陪审团!"
After the prelimi nary sparrin g over legalit ies, Darrowgot up to make his opening stateme nt. "My friendthe attorne y-general says that John Scopesknows what he is here for," Darrowdrawled. "I know what he is here for, too. He is here because ignoran ce and bigotry are , and it is a mightystrongcombina tion."
履行完规定的法律诉讼程序之后，达罗站起来开始发言了。"我的朋友检察长先生方才告诉我们说约翰.司科普斯知道他为什么会被带上法庭，"达罗拖长着声音说。"我也知道他为什么会被带上法庭。那是因为愚昧和偏见还很猖獗，而且这两者又结合在一起，形成一股强大的势力。"第四国际
Darrowwalkedslowlyround the bakingcourt. "Today it is the teacher s, "he continu ed, "and tomorro w
the magazin es, the books, the newspap ers. After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marchin g backwar ds to the gloriou s age of the sixteen th century when bigotslighted faggots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelli genceand enlight enment and Culture to the human mind. "
达罗在热得像烘箱似的法庭里来回踱着方步。"今天受攻击的是教师，"他接着说道，"明天就会轮到杂志、书籍和报纸。要不了多久，社会上便会是一种人与人为仇，教派与教派为敌的局面，直到我们的社会大踏步地退回到十六世纪那光辉的年代，那时如果有谁胆敢给人类带来智慧、知识和文化，就会被那些愚昧的偏执狂们点燃柴堆活活烧死。"
"That damnedinfidel," a woman whisper ed loudlyas he finishe d his address.
他的话音刚落，就听到一个妇女高声咕嘟了一句："这个该死的异教徒!"
The followi ng day the prosecu tion began calling wit-nessesagainst me. Two of my pupilstestifi ed, grinnin g shyly at me, that I had taughtthem evoluti on, but added that they had not been contami natedby the experie nce. HowardMorgan, a brightlad of 14, testifi ed that I had taughtthat man was a mammallike cows, horses, dogs and cats.
第二天，控方开始传唤证人出庭作证。出庭作证的是我的两个学生，他们一边羞涩地对我傻笑，一边向法庭证明说我向他们宣讲过进化论，但又补充说他们并没有因此而受到毒害。一个叫霍华德.摩根的聪明的十四岁小男孩作证说我对
他们讲过，人也像牛、马、狗、猫一样是哺乳动物。
"He didn't say a cat was the same as a man?" Darrowasked.
"他没有说猫和人完全一样吧?"达罗问。
"No, sir," the youngst er said. "He said man had reasoni ng power." "There is some doubt about that," Darrowsnorted.
"没有，先生，"那孩子说道。"他说人是有思维能力的。" "这话怕不一定对哩，"达罗哼着鼻子说。
After the evidenc e was complet ed, Bryan rose to address the jury. The issue was simple, he declare d "The Christi an believe s that man came from above. The evoluti onistbelieve s that he must have come from below." The spectat ors chuckle d and Bryan warmedto his work. In one hand he brandis hed a biology text as he denounc ed the scienti sts who had come to Daytonto testify for the defence.
证人作证完毕后，布莱恩起立向陪审团陈辞。问题很简单，他说，"基督徒相信人来自天上，进化论者则认为人一定是来自地下。"旁听的众忍不住咯咯地笑了起来，布莱恩也就越说越起劲，他一只手挥动着一本生物学教科书，一边口中发话谴责那些来到戴顿为我作证的科学家们。
"The Bible," he thunder ed in his sonorou s organ tones, " is not going to be drivenout of this court by experts who come hundred s of miles to testify that they can reconci le evoluti on, with its ancesto rs in the jungle, with man made by God in His image and put here for His purpose as par t of a divineplan."
"《圣经》，"他用洪亮的嗓音大喊大叫道，"是不会被那些千里迢迢赶来作证的学者专家们赶出这个法庭的。这些专家们来到这里的目的是想证明主张人类
祖先来自丛林的进化论和上帝按照天机，依其形象创造人类并安排到这个世界上来的看法，是并行不悖的。"
As he finishe d, jaw out-thrust, eyes flashin g, the audienc e burst into applaus e and shoutsof "Amen". Yet somethi ng was lacking. Gone was the fiercefervour of the days when Bryan had swept the politic al arena like a prairie fire. The crowd seemedto feel that their champio n had not scorche d the infidel s with the hot breathof his oratory as he shouldhave. DudleyField Malonepoppedup to repl
y. "Mr. Bryan is not the only one who has the right to speak for the Bible, he observe d. "There are other peoplein this country who have given up their whole lives to God and religio n. Mr. Bryan, with passion ate spiritand enthusi asm, has given post of his life to politic s." Bryan sippedfrom a jug of water as Malone's voice grew in volume.He appeale d for intelle ctualfreedom, and accused Bryan of calling for a
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