Functional Sentence Perspective (FSP), another theory inspired by the ideas of the Prague School, is a theory of linguistic analysis which refers to an analysis of utterances in terms of the information they contain. The principle is that the role of each utterance part is evaluated for its semantic contribution to the whole. Some Czech linguists devoted considerable attention to problem of analyzing sentences from a functional point of view. They believe that a sentence contains point of departure and a goal of discourse. The point of departure is equally present to the speaker and to the hearer, and is called the THEME. The goal of discourse presents the very information that is to be imparted to the hearer, and is called the RHEME. It is believed that the movement from the THEME to RHEME reveals the movement of the mind itself .Language may use different syntactic structures, but the order of ideas remains basically the same. Based on these observations, they created the notion of FSP to describe how information is distributed insentences.FSP deals particularly with the effect of the distribution of known information and new information in discourse. The known information refers to information that is not new to the reader or hearer. The new information is what is to be transmitted to the reader or hearer. The theory of FSP is concerned with the distribution of information as determined by all meaningful elements, from intonation (for speech) to context. A central feature of FSP is communicative dynamism. J. Firbas discusses the distribution of the degrees of communicative dynamism(CD) over sentence elements, which determines the orientation or perspective of the sentence. He examines also the relation of theme and rheme to, and implementation by, syntactic components. Special attention is paid to the relation between FSP and word order. The second part of the book deals with spoken communication and considers the place of intonation in the interplay of FSP factors, establishing the concept of prosodic prominence. It tackles the relationship between the distribution of degrees of communicative dynamism as determined by the interplay of the non-prosodic FSP factors and the distribution of degrees of prosodic prominence as brought about by intonation. No doubt that the Prague School is one of the successful examples. It indeed can be said to “have influenced every important development in the United States” and has been stated that “No other European group has wielded quite as much influence as this one”. (Bolinger, 1968) 【References】 (1) sdh传输Abercrombie, David. 1963. Studies in phonetics and linguistics, London: Oxford University Press. (2) Language and linguistics, 2000—2010. Oxford: Pergamon. 好来坞(3) Culler, J. 1976. Saussure. London: Fontana/Collins. (4) 49未知天命Rosch. 1975. Cognitive Representations of Semantic Categories. Journal of experimental psychology: general. 104: 192-233 |
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