摘要批评语篇分析(CDA)是语篇分析研究的一种，主要研究语言、权利和意识形态之间
的关系。批评语言学家认为语言与其产生的社会语境呈辨证统一的关系。我们进行批评语
篇分析主要是要发现和分析语篇中那些人们习以为常的意识形态，以便对它们进行重新审
视。在CDA的发展过程中，媒体语篇倍受批评语言学家的关注。报纸新闻是我们日常生活 中一种重要的大众传媒方式。新闻报道不仅能为读者提供信息并带来愉悦，而且更影响他 精神关怀
们的感知，态度和行为。在当今信息时代，人们主要是通过新闻媒体来认识一个国家，而
美国媒体可以说是在当今世界居于主导地位的。因此，美国新闻媒体的国际报道对一个国
家的国家形象有着非常关键的影响作用。美国主流媒体的涉华报道也是近年来学术研究的
一个热点。
本文在颇有威望的《纽约时报》中选取了 2008年涉华的为素材，以费尔克
劳的三维模式和韩礼德的功能语法相结合，进行分析研究。论文证明在《纽约时报》的涉
华报道中确实存在负面的态度。而且，本文发现《纽约时报》在报道涉华新闻时反映负面
态度的手法，大体可以分为功能手段，互文性及非语言手段这三大类。通过对《纽约时报》
语料的分析，可以看出新闻语篇价值负载的特性。研究同时表明，语言结构在新闻的主张
构建中起重要作用，新闻中常利用这一点来实现报纸的自身利益。论文的意义在于帮助读
者提高对那些隐晦的潜在的有失偏颇的文章批评阅读的意识，而不是被动的接受文本信
息。在掌握了这些常用手段后，读者可以理解新闻背后的真实意图。
关键词：批评性语篇分析；韩礼德功能语法；纽约时报；负面新闻报道
iii CONTENTS
Acknowledgements i
Abstractii
摘要 iii
Chapter One Introduction. 1
1.1 The Background of the Study1
1.2 Purposes and Significance of the Study2
1.3 Data Collection 3
1.4 The Structure of the Thesis 4
Chapter Two Literature Review. 5
2.1 The Development of Critical Discourse Analysis5
2.1.1 Key concepts and Principles of CDA 5
2.1.2 CDA Studies abroad 8湖南卫视成人礼
2.1.3 CDA Studies at Home. 10
2.2 Theoretical Framework..11
2.2.1 Fairclough's three-dimensional model.11
2.2.2 Halliday's Systemic-Functional Grammar 16
2.2.3 The Relationship between CDA and SFG. 24
2.3 Critical Discourse Analysis on News Report. 26
Chapter Three A Critical Analysis of China-related Negative News Reports in New York Times. 28
3.1 The Definition of Negative New Report28
3.1.1 The Notion and Categorization of News 28
3.1.2 News Value29
3.1.3 News Sources31
3.1.4 Negative News Report 31
3.2 Functional Approach32
3.2.1 Transitivity 32
丝网除沫器安装
3.2.2 Transformation 37
3.2.3 Lexical Choice 41
3.2.4 Modality Choice 44
3.2.5 Thematic choice. 46
3.3 Intertextuality. 48
3.4 Non-linguistic Tools 53
3.4.1 Benefit-oriented Feature of News. 53
3.4.2 Historical Factor 53
3.4.3 Cultural Factor 55
Chapter Four Conclusions. 574.1 Findings of the Study..584.2 Implications of the Study..594.3 Limitations of the Study.60 Bibliography. 60
招贴设计论文
Appendix 64
光速城市
Chapter One Introduction
1.1 The Background of the Study
Critical discourse analysis CDA, a research area that represents an outgrowth of the work
of the British and Australian pioneers of critical linguistics, particularly Fowler and Kress, in
convergence with approaches of the British discourse analyst Fairclough and Dutch text linguist
van Dijk. CDA has produced the majority of the research into media discourse during the 1980s
and 1990s, and has arguably become the standard framework for studying
media texts within
European linguistics and discourse studies Bell&Garrett, 1998:5-6. CDA is a field that is
concerned with studying and analyzing written and spoken texts to reveal the discursive sources
of power, dominance, inequality and bias. It examines how these discursive sources are
maintained and reproduced within specific social, political and historical contexts Van Dijk,
1998At this Information Age, western mass media such as newspapers, English broadcasts, and
so on, are made easily accessible to EFL learners in China. News is an important channel of
information transmission, which is usually presented as the unbiased recording of 'hard facts'However, previous studies made by critical linguists and some scholars in other fields prove that
it is not actually the case. According to Fowler 1991:12, news is a practice, a product of social
上海市公安局长落网记and political world on which it reports. He stresses the social nature of news. "News is the
end-product of a complex process which begins with a systematic sorting and selecting of news
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