一、在下列每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将其字母标号填入括号内。 1. Language is_____ in that there is no intrinsic or logical connection between a linguistic symbol and what the symbol stands for.
A. creative B. arbitrary C. displacemental D. interchangeable
2. Which of the following is an acceptable English form? ( )
A. / fsem / B. / uid / C. / mdik / D. / haid /
3. Which of the following is a narrow transcription? ( )
A. / ′kʌmfət/ B. / ′ritn/ C. /di: l / D. /k kʰla: s / 上海公安局长张学兵
4. A ____ relation refers to the sequential characteristic of speech act. ( )
A. syntagmatic B. paradigmatic C. pragmatic D. vertical
5. The study of the meaning of words and sentences is ____.
A. syntax B. semantics C. linguistic 饲料添加剂品种目录 兰州大学研究生被杀 D. phonology
6. If two or more sounds never appear in the same environment , they are said to be in ______distribution.( )
A. parallel B. free C. complementary D. contrastive
7. The____ relation shows us the inner layering of sentences. ( )
A. sequential B. syntactic C. hierarchical D. discourse
8. If sentences are syntactically well-formed but semantically ill-formed, they are known as semantically_____ sentences.
A. normal B. abnormal C. anomalous D. well-formed
9. By saying language is ____ we mean we can’t give a sound reason why such a form is pronounced in this way rather than in that way, and why a particular meaning should be indicated by by this form rather than by that form. ( )
A. systematic B. arbitrary C. symbolic D. conventional
10. The constituent which is always present on the right side of the arrow in a PS rule is called a(n) ______constituent. ( )
山核桃采摘机
A. compulsory B. necessary C. optional D. immediate
二、填空题。(每小题 1 分，共 10 分)
11. Language has two levels. They are grammatically level and sound meaningless level.
12. According to Chomsky, is “the speaker –hearer’s knowledge of his language”.
13. The study of speech sounds of all human languages is .
14. A relation is a relation between a linguistic element in an utterance and linguistic elements outside that utterance, but belonging to the same sub-system of the language.
15. According to the position of the velum, consonants are divided into oral consonants and consonants.
16. A science that is concerned with how words are combined to form phrases and how phrases are combined by rules to form sentences is .
17. Some transformational rules are obligatory and many are optional. The have to be applied if we want to obtain well-formed sentences.
18. The study of linguistic meaning: the meaning of words，phrases and sentences is .
刮刀涂布19. The meaning of pairs of antonyms is characterized by relativity.
20. A process in which a compound is made shortened by putting the initial letters of several words together is .
三、判断改错题。(每小题 2 分，共 10 分) 如错误，请标明错误之处，并修改。
21. In theory, the length of sentences is limited.
22. According to Chomsky, langue refers to the system of a language.
23. Descriptive linguistics aims at developing a theory that describes the rules of a particular language.
爱新觉罗 胤祯
24. If two or more sounds can occur in the same environment and the substitution of one sound for another brings about a change of meaning, they are in free variation.
25. A deep structure is abstract
四、翻译题。(每小题 2 分，共 30 分) 请给出下列术语的英/汉语翻译
26. Arbitrariness
27. applied linguistics
28. speech act
29. polysemy
30. semantic field
31. Discourse analysis
32. turn-taking
33. conversational implicature
34. Interpersonal function
35. language interference
36. 线性顺序
37. 外来词
38. 语言习得
39. 工具动机
40. 先天主义假说
五、用英语简要回答下列问题。(每小题 4 分，共 20 分) 41. What’s the relationship between learning and acquisition?42. What’s the relationship between CP and PP?
43. What are the main types of deixis?44. What are the main language acquisition theories?
45. What is the obvious presupposition of a speaker who says each of the following ?
“Where did Tom buy the watch?”
六、论述题 (每小题 10 分，共 20 分) 。请用英语回答下列问题，每题答案不少于120词。
46. What is the implication of the theory of communicative competence for language instruction?
47. What do you know about Halliday and his Systemic-functional School?
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