Designation:A732/A732M–02
Standard Specification for
Castings,Investment,Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application,and Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures1
This standard is issued under thefixed designation A732/A732M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1.Scope
1.1This specification covers carbon and low-alloy steel castings made by the investment casting process.
1.2Fifteen grades of steel and two cobalt alloy grades are covered(see Appendix).
N OTE1—An investment casting is one that is produced in a mold, obtained by investing(surrounding)an expendable pattern with a refrac-tory slurry which is allowed to solidify.The expendable pattern may consist of wax,plastic,or other material and is removed by heating prior tofilling the mold with liquid metal.
1.3The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard.Within the text,the SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;therefore,each system must be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation.
2.Referenced Documents
2.1ASTM Standards:
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products2
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings,Welding,Quali-fications of Procedures and Personnel3
A941Terminology Relating to Steel,Stainless Steel,Re-lated Alloys,and Ferroalloys4
E21Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of Metallic Materials5
E30Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel,Cast Iron,Open-Hearth Iron,and Wrought Iron6
E94Guide for Radiographic Examination7
E125Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indica-tions on Ferrous Castings7欧洲见闻录 现代
优化计算方法E139Practice for Conducting Creep,Creep-Rupture,and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials5
E165Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination7
E192Reference Radiographs for Investment Steel Castings for Aerospace Applications7
E350Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Slloy Steel,Silicon Electrical Steel,Ingot Iron,and Wrought Iron6
E446Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings up to2in.
(51mm)in Thickness7
E709Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination7
3.Ordering Information
3.1Orders for material under this specification should include the following information:
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3.1.1Description of the casting by part or pattern number or drawing,
3.1.2ASTM designation and year of issue,
3.1.3Grade of steel,
3.1.4Quantity,
3.1.5Options in the specification(
4.1,
5.3,
6.1,9.1,and 10.3),and
3.1.6Supplementary requirements.
4.Heat Treatment
4.1Castings shall be supplied in the heat-treated condition with the exception of Grades21and31.Heat treatment shall be either annealing,normalizing and tempering,or quenching and tempering to obtain either the specified properties or other properties that might be agreed upon within each grade.In this latter instance,Supplementary Requirement S19should be used.Grades21and31shall be supplied in the as-cast condition unless otherwise agreed upon.
4.2Heat treatment shall be performed after the castings have been allowed to cool below the transformation range.
1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM committee A01on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.18on Castings.
Current edition approved Sept.10,2002.Published October2002.Originally
published as A732–76.Last previous edition A732/A732M–98e1.
2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol01.03.
3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol01.02.
4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol01.01.
5Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol03.01.
6Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol03.05.7Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol03.03.
1
Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.
4.3Definitions of terms relating to heat treatment shall be in accordance with Terminology A 941.
5.Chemical Composition
5.1The castings shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition specified in Table 1and Table 2.
5.2Cast or Heat Analysis —An analysis of each cast or heat shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the percent-ages of the elements specified in Table 1and Table 2.The analysis shall be made from a test sample taken preferably during the pouring of the heat,or from a master heat (Note 2)which is remelted with only minor additions for deoxidization.The chemical composition determined from the heat or master heat shall be reported to the purchaser,or his representative,and shall conform to the requirements in Table 1.
N OTE 2—A master heat is refined and alloyed metal of a single furnace charge,not exceeding 1000
0lb [4500kg].
磨损率5.3Product-Check-Verification Analysis —A product analy-sis may be made by the purchaser from material representing each heat,lot,or casting.The analysis shall be made on representative material.Due to the possibility of decarburiza-tion,carbon and alloy steel samples for carbon analysis shall be taken no closer than 1⁄4in.[
6.4mm]to a cast surface except
TABLE 1Chemical Requirements
Grade 1A
2A,2Q 3A,3Q 4A,4Q 5N 6N
7Q
8Q
Type
Low Carbon IC 1020A
Medium Carbon IC 1030Medium Carbon IC 1040Medium Carbon IC 1050Vanadium IC 6120Manganese Molybdenum IC 4020Chromium Molybdenum IC 4130Chromium Molybdenum IC 4140Carbon 0.15to 0.250.25to 0.350.35to 0.450.45to 0.550.30max 0.35max 0.25to 0.350.35to 0.45Manganese
0.20to 0.600.70to 1.000.70to 1.000.70to 1.000.70to 1.00 1.35to 1.750.40to 0.700.70to 1.00Phosphorus,max 0.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.04Sulfur,max 0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
Silicon 0.20to 1.00
0.20to 1.00
0.20to 1.00
0.20to 1.00
0.20to 0.80
0.20to 0.80
0.20to 0.800.20to 0.80Nickel Chromium 0.80to 1.100.80to 1.10Molybdenum 0.25to 0.55
0.15to 0.25
0.15to 0.25
Vanadium
0.05to 0.15
Residual Elements:Copper 0.500.500.500.50
0.500.500.50
0.50Nickel 0.500.500.500.500.500.50
Chromium
0.350.350.350.350.35Molybdenum +Tungsten 0.250.25Tungsten 0.100.100.100.250.100.10Total content of residual elements
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.60 1.00
1.00
0.60 1.00
Grade 9Q
10Q
11Q
12Q 13Q
14Q
15A Type
Chrome Nickel Molybdenum IC 4330Chrome Nickel Molybdenum IC 4340Nickel Molyb-denum IC 4620Chromium Vanadium IC 6150Chrome Nickel Molybdenum IC 8620Chrome Nickel Molybdenum IC 8630Chromium IC 52100Carbon 0.25to 0.350.35to 0.450.15to 0.250.45to 0.550.15to 0.250.25to 0.350.95to 1.10Manganese
0.40to 0.70
0.70to 1.00
0.40to 0.70
0.65to 0.950.65to 0.95
0.65to 0.95
0.25to 0.55Phosphorus,max 0.040.040.040.040.040.040.04Sulfur,max 0.0450.0450.0450.045
0.0450.0450.045
Silicon 0.20to 0.800.20to 0.800.20to 0.800.20to 0.800.20to 0.800.20to 0.800.20to 0.80Nickel 1.65to 2.00 1.65to 2.00 1.65to
2.00
0.40to 0.700.40to 0.70Chromium 0.70to 0.900.70to 0.900.80to 1.10
0.40to 0.700.40to 0.70 1.30to 1.60
Molybdenum 0.20to
0.300.20to
0.30
0.20to 0.30
0.15to
0.250.15to
0.25
Vanadium
0.15min
Residual Elements:Copper 0.500.500.500.500.500.50
0.500.500.50
Chromium
0.35
Molybdenum +Tungsten 0.10
Tungsten 0.100.100.100.100.100.10Total content of residual elements
0.60 1.00 1.00
1.00
1.00 1.000.60
A
Investment Casting (IC)numbers are to be used only for nomenclature comparison.
TABLE 2Chemical Requirements-Cobalt Alloys
Type
Grade 21Grade 31Carbon
0.20–0.300.45–0.55Manganese,max. 1.00 1.00Silicon,max 1.00 1.00Phosphorus,max 0.0400.040Sulfur,max 0.0400.040Chromium 25.0–29.024.5–26.5Nickel 1.7–3.89.5–11.5Cobalt remainder remainder
Molybdenum 5.0–Tungsten ...7.0–8.0Vanadium
......Columbium +Tantalum
......Nitrogen ......Iron,max. 3.00 2.00Boron
0.007max
0.005–0.015
that castings too thin for this shall be analyzed on representa-tive material.The chemical composition thus determined shall meet the requirements specified in Table1and Table2.
5.4Referee Analysis—Test methods E30and E350shall be used for reference purposes.When a comparison is made between the heat analysis and product analysis,the reproduc-ibility data,R2,in the precision statement of test methods E350shall be used as a guide.
6.Workmanship,Finish,and Appearance
6.1The castings shall conform substantially to the shapes and sizes indicated by the patterns and drawings submitted by the purchaser.Casting tolerances or deviations from drawing dimensions shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer and shall be on the drawing.
7.Quality Assurance
7.1The surface of the casting shall be examined visually and shall be free of adhering refractory,scale,cracks,hot tears, and other injurious imperfections.Castings may have a gate evidence of0.03in.[0.8mm]maximum on surfaces subject to subsequent machining and0.01in.[0.3mm]maximum on the surfaces not subject to machining.
7.2When additional inspection is desired,Supplementary Requirements S4,S5,or S6may be ordered.
7.3The castings shall not be peened or plugged or impreg-nated to stop leaks.
8.Repair by Welding
8.1Repairs shall be made using procedures and welders qualified under Practice A488/A488M.
8.2Welding shall be accomplished with afiller metal that produces a weld deposit with a chemical composition similar to the casting.Castings ordered in the annealed condition or for subsequent hardening shall be annealed after weld repairs. Castings ordered heat treated shall be tempered in accordance with the qualified welding procedure after weld repairs with the exception of Grades1A and2A where postheat treatment is optional.
8.3Welds shall be inspected to the same quality standards as are used to inspect the castings.
9.Inspection
9.1The manufacturer shall afford the purchaser’s inspector all reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy him that the material is being produced and furnished in accordance with this specification.Foundry inspection by the purchaser shall not interfere unnecessarily with the manufacturer’s operations. All tests and inspections with the exception of product analysis (see5.3)shall be made either at the place of manufacture or a laboratory with the capability to perform analyses or mechani-cal tests to the applicable ASTM specifications.
10.Rejection and Rehearing
10.1Any rejection based on tests made in accordance with 5.3shall be reported to the manufacturer within30days from receipt of samples by the purchaser.
10.2Material that shows injurious defects subsequent to its acceptance at the manufacturer’s works may be rejected,and the manufacturer shall be notified.
10.3Castings rejected in accordance with this specification shall be made available to the manufacturer for his review and concurrence.
11.Certification
11.1Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order,
a manufacturer’s certification that the material was manufac-tured and tested in accordance with the specification(including year date),together with a report of the test results,shall be furnished at the time of shipment.
12.Product Marking
12.1Castings shall be marked for identification as agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser.
13.Keywords
13.1alloy steel;carbon steel;cobalt alloys;investment castings;steel castings
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall be applied only when specified by the purchaser in the inquiry or order.Details of these supplementary requirements shall be agreed upon in writing by the manufacturer and the purchaser.
S1.Residual Elements
S1.1The manufacturer shall determine the percentage of residual elements shown in Table1and Table2and report these results to the purchaser or his representative.
S3.Tension Test(Castings Heat-Treated by
Manufacturer)
S3.1.Tensile properties shall be determined from material representing each heat.The bar from whic
h the test specimen is taken shall be heat-treated with production castings to the same procedure as the castings it represents.The results shall conform to the requirements specified in Table3,or to properties agreed upon,and shall be reported to the purchaser or his representative.
S3.2The test specimens shall be cast in the same type mold as the casting.They may be cast to shape or machined from blocks.The specimens shall be machined to dimensions in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370or the ICI bar shown in Fig. 1.Tension tests shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A
370.总砷
S3.3If the results of the mechanical test for any heat do not conform to the requirements specified,the castings may be reheat-treated and retested.If any test specimen shows defec-tive machining or develops flaws,it may be discarded,and another specimen substituted from the same heat.
S4.Magnetic Particle Inspection
S4.1The casting shall be examined by magnetic particle inspection.The method of performing the magnetic particle test shall be in accordance with Practice E 709.The types and degrees of discontinuities considered may be judged by refer-ence Photographs E 125.The extent of the examination and the basis for acceptance shall be subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
S5.Radiographic Inspection
S5.1The casting shall be examined for internal defects by means of X rays or gamma rays.The inspection procedure shall
be in accordance with Guide E 94,and the types and degrees of defects considered shall be judged by Reference Radiographs E 446or E 192.The extent of examination and the basis of acceptance shall be subject to agreement between the manu-facturer and the purchaser.S6.Liquid Penetrant Inspection
S6.1The casting shall be examined by liquid penetrant inspection.The method of performing the liqui
d penetrant test shall be in accordance with Practice E 165.The extent of the examination,the methods and types of penetrants to be used,the developing procedure,and the basis for acceptance shall be subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the pur-chaser.There are no ASTM reference standards for investment castings for liquid penetrant examination.
TABLE 3Tensile Requirements
Grade
Tensile strength,min
Yield strength,min
Elongation,in 2-in.[50-mm]or 4diameters
Heat Treatment
ksi
[MPa]ksi [MPa]1A 60[414]40[276]24A A 2A 65[448]45[310]25A 2Q 85[586]60[414]10Qt B 3A 75[517]
48[331]25A 3Q 100[689]90[621]10Qt 4A 90[621]50[345]20A 4Q 125[862]100[689]5Qt 5N 85[586]55[379]22Nt C 6N 90[621]60[414]20Nt 7Q 150[1030]115[793]7Qt 8Q 180[1241]145[1000]5Qt 9Q 150[1030]115[793]7Qt 10Q 180[1241]145[1000]5Qt 11120[827]100[689]10Qt 12Q 190[1310]170[1172]4Qt 13Q 105[724]85[586]10Qt 14Q 150[1030]115[793]7Qt 15A D
......
...
...
...
A
A Annealed.
B
Quenched and tempered.C
Normalized and tempered.D
Hardness Rockwell B,100
max.
Metric Equivalents
in.[mm]
房屋公园
0.005[0.15]![3]0.252[6.40]0.375[9.50]0.385[9.75]9⁄16[15]
1¼[30]3[75]
FIG.1Design and Dimensions of the ICI Test
Bar
S19.Mechanical Properties
S19.1Mechanical properties other than those specified in Table3may be ordered for each of the grades.The properties shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
S25.Tension Test(Castings Heat-Treated by Purchaser) S25.1The manufacturer shall heat-treat a tension specimen from the same heat to determine whether the castings are capable of being heat-treated to the specified properties.The results shall conform to the requirements specified in Table3, or to properties agreed upon,and shall be reported to the purchaser or his representative.
S25.2The test specimens shall be cast in the same type mold as the casting.They may be cast to shape or machined from blocks.The specimen shall be machined to dimensions in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370or the ICI bar shown in Fig. 1.Tension tests shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.
S25.3If the results of the mechanical test for any heat do not conform to the requirements specified,an additional test bar may be reheat-treated and retested,but no more than two retests shall be permitted.If any test specimen shows defective machining or developsflaws,it may be discarded and another specimen substituted from the same heat.
S26.High Temperature Tension Test
S26.1High-temperature tension tests shall be required when specified in the inquiry,contract,or order.When so specified, the properties obtained shall be reported to the purchaser or his representa
tive and shall conform to the requirements pre-scribed in Table S26.1.The tension test shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods E21.
S27.Stress Rupture Test
S27.1Stress rupture tests shall be required when specified in the inquiry,contract,or order.When so specified,the properties obtained shall be reported to the purchaser or his representative and shall conform to the requirements pre-scribed in Table S27.1.The stress rupture test shall be performed in accordance with Practice E139.
TABLE S26.1Elevated-Temperature Tensile Requirements
Grade2131
Condition as cast as cast
Test temperature:
°F15001500
°C820820
Tensile strength,min:
ksi52.055.0
MPa360380
Elongation in4D,min,%10
10
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