目录
1 The Art of Calligraphy奇妙的书法
2 The Significance of Chinese Paintings中国画的含意 3 Rediscover Confucius重新发现孔子
4 Differcnccs betwccn Chinese and Western Medicines 中西医的差异
5 The Role of Operas戏曲的作用
6 Gardens and Bonsais园林和盆景
7 G1azed Tiles and Imperial Architecture琉璃瓦与宫廷建筑
8 TWO Boats in the Yangtze River长江里的两条船中国元素
9 Chinese Fans中国扇子
Chinese Elements 中国元素
10 Beijing Opera Facial Masks京剧脸谱
11 Yellow：China’S Favorite Color黄，中国人崇尚的颜
12 Rcd：China’S Favorite Color红，中国人崇尚的颜
13 The Importance of Chopsticks筷子的重要性
14 The Elegance ofTea-Drinking茶的格调”
People and Cities人与城市
15 Beijing’S Identity北京人的身份
16 Trendy Shanghai时尚的上海
17 Happy—Go-Lucky Chengdu幸福的成都
18 Chinese Beauty中国美女
19 Shanghai Men上海男人
Human Relationships人际往来
20 Family Relations家庭关系
21 Neighborhood Relationship邻里关系
22 Personal Privacy vsHospitality隐私与亲密
23 7he Exchange ofGifts礼尚往来
24 Chinese Hospitality中国人的待客之道
25 7able Manners餐桌礼仪
Folk Customws新老民俗
26 The Fashion of7ea-Drinking喝茶的时尚
27 Meanings in a Chinese Name中国人姓名的含意
28 Fengshui风水
29 The Secret ofNumbers数字的秘密
30 Paintings，Calendars and Christmas Trees年画、挂历、圣诞相
Fashion时尚生活
31 Tea or Coffee? 茶还是咖啡？
32 The Color of Food美食的相
33 The Ultimate Luxury Products顶级奢侈品。
34 Driving on the Horse Road开车上路
35 A Hectic Long Holiday忙碌的长假
36 Chinese Tourists Abroad出境旅游热
37 The Reputation ofDogs狗的名声
38 TOEFL or No TOEFL？考不考托福？
Pop Culture流行文化
39 Blogging Fever博克热
40 The Appeal of Cracy Stones《疯狂的石头》的魅力
41 The Film Makers’Responsibility电影人的责任
42 The Crazy TV Box电视，疯狂的盒子
43 English as a Door Opener英语，敲门砖文化碰撞
44 When English Meets Chinese当英语与汉语相遇
45 Chinese and Western Set Phrases中国俗语和西方俗语
46 The Ideal Man理想男人
47 The Monkey King VsHarry Potter孙悟空PK哈利·波特
48 New Year Movies贺岁片
49 Globalization of Spots体育运动的全球化
50 NBA：Popular or Privileged？NBA：大众还是精英？
林静珊
英语畅谈中国文化50主题
1. The Art of Calligraphy 奇妙的书法
A: Some critics suggest that different genres of Chinese calligraphy have different political implications. Take Wang Xizhi for example. His calligraphy was repudiated as unorthodox during his lifetime but, only a few decades after his death, wa
氨基酸态氮
s established as an orthodox genre.
B: That’s for sure! Historically, Chinese calligraphy and politics were closely intertwined. Over 2,000 years ago, Emperor Qin Shihuang, the first Emperor in Chinese history, established the official Chinese writing characters. The new, simplified characters made writing calligraphy less complicated. It allowed people to use characters with more straight strokes, thus making it easier to
write with brushes. This created the Li genre. Over time, other variations were also developed, which eventuallly lead to the formation of the five genres in Chinese calligraphy. These were the Zhuan, Li, Kai, Xing and Cao genres.
A: I’ve heard that most emperors were good at calligraphy. The Tang Dynasty Emperor Li Shimin was an avid collector of Wang Xizhi’s writings.
B: That’s right. Qing Dynasty Emperor Qian Long played a key role in compiling an authoritative collection of calligraphy. To some extent, preferences of the Emperors had an influence on the rise and fall of certain calligraphy genres.
A: Ordinary Chinese people also seemed to like calligraohy a lot.
B: Part of the reason was the sponsorship by the Emperors. Another reason was the Imperial Civil Service examinations that started in the 7th century. Those examinations were focused on writing and provided a way for ordinary people to achieve a better life. As a result, calligraphy became widely accepted. Calligraphy also had its practical values because it was a good way to make friends and was more presentable as a gift rather than jewelry or money.
明治维新与洋务运动
张申府生平A: Does calligraphy still have these practical functions now?
B: Yes. Many people practice calligraphy as a way to raise their cultural accomplishment. Older people use calligraphic writing as a method to keep fit. They believe that when a person concentrates on writing calligraphy, his inner wellbeing is stimulated.
A: I had thought computers would lead to the disappearance of Chinese calligraphy. Now I understand that’s not likely to happen. How can you give your boss computer-printed calligraphy as a gift?
B: You don’t, unless you want him to fire you.
2. The Significance of Chinese Paintings中国画的含意
A:It`s interesting that Chinese paintings can be created on the spot, even though most of them have similar subjects. Peony, plum blossoms, mountains, creeks or cottages are very popular. There are often painters at significant celebratory and commemorative events.
B:Their educational function is, in fact, a unique feature of Chinese painting. Human profiles were used as a method to either glorify heroes or condemn traitors 2,000 years ago. Tang Dynasty officials even tried to bring painting into Confuction ideology. The Court of the Song Dynasty publishe
d an official guide to paintings. This raised criteria not only for human profiles but also for landscape and object paintings.
A:Oh, what was that?
B:It classified paintings into ten categories covering religious belie
fs, Confucianism and state power. This classfication gave an official definition of the value and significance of the paintings. The purpose of landscape paintings was to portray the five mountains, while fruit and birds were used to exemplify or eulogize the Gods. In this case, the subjects were used as references to people in order to deliver moral messages. For example, peony and peacocks represented wealth and fortune; pine trees, bamboo, plum blossoms and orchids represented elegance and accomplishment; and pine trees and cypresses symbolized loyalty.
A:As far as I know, painters who did not have to make a living by painting used diffferent skills to those specified in the guide, even though they painted the same subjects.
B:Artists are usually against pragmatism. They like to give meaning to the subjects they paint. Bamboo symbolizes integrity and pine trees symbolize never giving up. Artists also like landscapes. I
t doesn`t take a lot of training to paint landscapes. It all depends on the painter`s personality and ability, as well as his unique touch. Most of today`s non-professional painters follow the landscape style. The objective of these painters is purely entertainment and self-satisfaction. The more successful artists have the opportunity to exhibit at public functions. That is probably the climax of their painting careers.
A:What are professional painters doing?
B:Some of them make a great effort to improve their painting skills. They want to develop new and innovative painting methods by borrowing from other genres. Others are busy making money. They have found ways to produre commercially attractive paintings. Some people say they are no longer artists. Instead they have become manufacturers of paintings.
3. Rediscover Confucius 重新发现孔子
Did you see the statue of Confucius launched by the China Confucius Fund?
A：你看到中国孔子基金会发布的孔子标准像了吗？
B:Yes, I did. It doesn`t quite match the Confucius image in my mind though. I heard there are many d
ifferent opinions about this so-called official statue. But, to be fait, it`s an impossible job to create an official statue of someone who lived more than 2,500 years ago. No one knows what he looked like, just like no one in the West knows what Plato looked like. Nevertheless, Confucius was a great philosopher, an educator, a plitician, as well as the founder of Confucianism, which still has a tremendous influence over people today.
B：看到了，但它不完全是我心目中的孔子形象。据说有很多人对这个标准像持不同意见。这也难怪，也已毕竟生活在２５００多年前，没有谁能够想像他真实的长相，就像你们西方人不知道柏拉图的面孔一样。但是，孔子对今天中国人的生活和思想依然有着重大的影响。他是中国古代的思想家、教育家、政治家，也是儒学的创始人。
A:Confucianism seems to be back in fashin again. As far as I know, abo
ut five to six million Chinese students are currently studying The analects of Confucius. Some companies are using Confucianism as a management tool. The govemment is also promoting the Confucian values of ethics, fairness, and honesty. They see it as a way to address the social problems that have emerged as a result of the accelerated economic growth.
A：儒家思想似乎又风行起来了。就我所知，中国有五六百万的孩子在学习《论语》；不少企业家把 儒家思想引进到企业管理中；中国政府也试图通过倡导道德、公正和廉洁的儒家思想，来解决经济调整发展带来的社会问题。 B:Confucianism is the backbone of Chinese culture. Confucius developed his philosophy around the concept of benevolence. The Analects of Confucius is a record of his political views. Confucianism represents a set of moral principles because it stresses fairness and harmony in guman relationships, as well as the individual`s social responsibility for their country. For Confucius, political honesty is based on individual ethical integrity.
B：儒家思想是中国传统文化的主干。孔子的哲学体系以“仁”为核心，《论语》记载着他的政治学说。儒学是一套伦理道德，强调的是为人处事的正派、人际关系的和谐以及个人对国家的责任感。在孔子看来，政治的说法是以人品的正直为基础的。
A:Some American scholars did a comparative study of confucius with Greek and Roman philosophers. Their conclusion was that there is more practical value in Confucianism. Why it that?
A：有的美国学者将孔子与古希腊哲人相比较，认为他的思想更具有实用价值。为什么？
B:Well it has extensive application in Chinese society. Confucius was also an accomplished educator.
He treated his students as his equal by teaching them democratic and open-minded ideas . In the words of the American scholars, Confucius wanted to train his students to become more unrestrained and adaprable to external influences.
B：因为它被广泛运用于中国社会。孔子还是个了不起的教育家，他平等对待学生，教给他们民主、开放的观念。用美国学者的话说就是：培养能够自然从容并适应环境的君子。
A:There is also an increasing awareness of Confucianism in other parts of the world. This may be a result of various political, cultural, and environmental challenges due to China`s growing economic importance. As a result, the rise of individualism in the community has become a serious threat to social harmony and progress. A different set of values are needed as a counterbalance. Confucianism emphasizes "courtesy" and "respect" whendealing with people or nature so it should be very beneficial for building harmony in any society.
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A：据我所知，儒家学说也在世界其他地方逐渐引起了重视。这也许与中国经济的高速发展所带来的各种政治、文化，以及环境等问题
的巨大挑战有关。个人主义在商品社会中的极端发展，对社会的和谐与进步构成威胁，必须寻求另一种价值观来取得平衡。而孔子的学说恰好提倡以“礼”来处理人际关系及与自然的关系，对于和谐社会
的构建大有益处。
B:You are right. A scholar once said that answers concerning our survival can be found in the wisdom of Confucius, even though he lived more than 25 centuries ago.
棉杆
B：有道理。正如一位学者所说：２１世纪的生存问题，必须回到２５个世纪之前孔子的智慧中去寻求解决的答案。
04-Differences Between Chinese and Western Medicines中西医的差异
A: For many years, there have been repeated discussions to give up Chinese medicine. Its recently become a hot topic once again. And because believe the Chinese medicine is not scientifically based in comparison to Western medicine.
B: Although it is debatable why Chinese medicine is scientifically sound .You cannot deny it has a rich philosophic significance. This is very different from Western medicine. Usually, a Chinese medicine practitioner approaches on the home and abroad perspective, emphasis its entirety and dialectical implications. This is why some people view it as a holistic medicine. In contrast, a Western doctor deals to recipe with symptoms. For instance, if someone has a sore throat, a Western doctor
will treated it as a throat problem while a Chinese doctor may link it to the disorder of the patient’s stomach.
A: What's the difference between Chinese and Western medicines?
B: A Chinese doctor examines its patients by using methods like observing, smelling , asking and feeling. His Western counterparts relies on symptoms or evidence, like body temperature and lab tests . A Chinese doctor determines the problem of patients interior organs by influence through observing very exterior signs such as complexion or the tongue .A Western doctor, on the other hand, makes his judgement based on the results of lab tests on the internal organs. He then reinforces its judgement by examining exterior symptoms. A Western doctor uses chemical based medicines and surgery, but a Chinese doctor relies on some herb medicines and acupuncture.
A: For patient, which is preferable?
B: It depends. Usually a Chinese doctor will recommend Western medicine for intensive treatment and Chinese medicine for the recovery. In fact, Chinese medicine is probably more effective in treating some functional diseases, while the cause is difficult to discover.
A: What will happen if Chinese medicine is indeed abandoned?
B: No idea, but for people with terminal diseases, Chinese medicine may be the last result. Chinese medicine can not only alleviate pain but also offers the option of different treatment.
05-the role of operas戏曲的作用
A: In his book, Chinese characteristics , which was written more than 100 years ago, A.H. Smith said the Chinese people liked opera. To th
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