Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．refer vi. 提到；参考；查阅 vt. 查询；叫……求助于
(1)refer to 指的是；提及；描述；查阅
refer to ... as 把……称作……
refer ... to ... 把……提交给……(以求获得帮助)
(2)reference n. 提及；参考；查阅
in/with reference to 关于
2．base vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础 n. 底部；根据
(1)base ... on/upon ... 把……建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon 以……为基础；依据……
(2)basis n. 基础；基本原则
(3)basic adj. 基本的；基础的
3．variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化
(1)a variety of＝varieties of＝all kinds of 种类繁多的；各种各样的
(2)various adj. 不同的；各种各样的
for various reasons 由于种种原因
(3)vary vt.& vi. 改变；变化
vary from ... to ... 从……到……变化不等；在……到……之间变动
4．major adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 n. 主修课程；主修学生 vi. 主修；专门研究
(1)major in 主修
(2)in_the/a majority 占大多数
a/the majority of 大多数……
手拉手团购网(1)by this means 通过这种方法
by means of 用……办法；借助……
by_all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以
by_no means 决不，一点也不(位于句首时句子用部分倒装)
(2)a means of_communication 一种通讯/交流方式
6．regard n. 尊重；关注 vt. 把……视为；看待
(1)as regards sth. 关于；至于
with/in regard to 关于
疫in this/that regard 在这方面；在这一点上
(2)regard ... as ... 把……当作……
(3)regarding prep. 关于
7．appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi. 增值
(1)appreciate sth. 欣赏某物；感谢某事
appreciate (sb./sb.'s)_doing_sth. 感谢(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it_if ... 如果……我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n柔道教学. 欣赏；感激
8．struggle n．& vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗
(1)struggle to_do_sth. 艰难地做某事；挣扎着做某事
struggle for 为……而斗争
struggle with/against 同……搏斗/作斗争
(2)struggle to_one's_feet 挣扎着站起来
9．equal n. 同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的
(1)be equal to sth./doing sth. 胜任(做)某事
A equals B in ... A在……方面比得上B/与B相匹敌
without equal 无与伦比；无敌
(2)equality n. 平等
equally adv. 相等地；同等地；均等地；同样地
10．demand n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；需要 vi. 查问
周国志
(1)be_in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求
(2)demand to_do_sth. 要求做某事
demand that ... (should)_do_sth. 要求……做某事
(3)sth. demand(s) to_be_done＝sth. demand(s) doing 某事需要被做
11．relate vt. 联系；讲述
(1)relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到
relate ... to 把……和……联系在一起
relate sth. to sb. 向某人叙述/讲述某事
(2)related adj. 相关的；有(亲属)关系的
be related to 和……有关的；和……有联系的
(3)relation n. 关系
have_no relation to sth. 同某事无关
in/with relation to 关于；与……相比
Ⅱ.教材原句
1．There is no egg in eggplant nor ham in hamburger: neither_apple_nor_pine in pineapple.(教材P61)
茄子里没有鸡蛋，汉堡包里也没有火腿：菠萝里既没有苹果也没有松树。 2．China is_widely_known_for its ancient civilisation which_has_continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history.(教材P62)
焊缝强度
尽管在历史的长河中有盛有衰，中国古文明一直流传至今，并被世界广泛认识。 3．There are many reasons_why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.(教材P62)
中国古文明之所以广泛流传的原因有很多，但其中最主要的因素是中国的文字体系。 4．It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on_which symbols were_carved_by ancient Chinese people.(教材P62)
这可以追溯到几千年以前使用龙骨的时期——被古代中国人刻上了符号的动物骨头或贝壳。
5．Over the years, the system developed into different forms as it was a_time_when people were divided geographically, leading to many_varieties_of dialects and characters.(教材P62)
历经时代发展，这个文字体系发展成不同的形式，因为当时的中国人口按地域被划分开来，导致人们说不同的方言，写不同的文字。
6．Even today, no_matter_where Chinese people live or what_dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.(教材P62)
即使在今天，无论中国人住在哪里，说什么样的方言，大家都能用文字沟通交流。
7．Written Chinese has also become an important means by_which China's present is_connected__with its past.(教材P62)
中国文字也成为连接中国过去和现在的重要方式。
8．But if I'm talking to someone_who isn't very close to me，I must make my request longer—and I must make_it_a_question,_not_a_demand.(教材P66)
但如果是和那些和我不太亲密的人说话，我必须用更长的句子表达请求，并且必须用提问的方式而不是命令。
Ⅲ不忠的爱.单句语法填空
1．Don't believe what he said. His story is ________ (base) on nothing.
答案：based
2．Do you know when the marathon can date ________ to?
答案：back
3．There are a great ________ (vary) of magazines for different tastes in the library.
答案：variety
4．I'll never forget the day ________ which we first met in Beijing.
答案：on
5．He answered me but he spoke neither slowly nor ________ (clear)．
答案：clearly
6．We'd appreciate your ________ (leave) as fast as possible.
答案：leaving
7．Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western ________ (civilize)．
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