survivin
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当癌细胞快速增生时，它们好像需要一种名为survivin的蛋白质的帮助。这种蛋白质在癌细胞中含量很丰富，但在正常细胞中却几乎不存在。癌细胞与survivin蛋白的这种依赖性使得survivin自然成为制造新抗癌药物的靶标，但是在怎样对付survivin蛋白这个问题上却仍有一些未解之谜。最近据一些研究人员报道，survivin蛋白出人意料地以成双配对的形式结合在一起——这一发现很有可能为抗癌药物的设计提供了新的锲机。 人脸定位Survivin蛋白属于一类防止细胞自我破坏(即凋亡)的蛋白质。这类蛋白质主要通过抑制凋亡酶(caspases)的作用来阻碍其把细胞送上自杀的道路。以前一直没有科学家观察到survivin蛋白与凋亡酶之间的相互作用。也有其它迹象表明survivin蛋白扮演着另一个不同的角——在细胞分裂后帮助把细胞拉开。
为了搞清survivin蛋白到底起什么作用，美国加利福尼亚州的结构生物学家Joseph Noel和同事们率先认真观察了它的三维结构。他们将X射线照射在该蛋白质的晶体上，并测量了X射线
的偏转角度，这可以让研究人员计算出蛋白质中每个原子所处的位置。他们得到的结果指出，survivin蛋白形成一种结和，这是其它凋亡抑制物不形成的。这几位研究人员在7月份出版的《自然结构生物学》杂志中报告，survivin分子的一部分出人意料地与另一个survivin 分子的相应部分连结在一起，形成了一个被称为二聚物(dimer)的蛋白质对。研究人员推测这些survivin蛋白的二聚物可能在细胞分裂时维持关键的分子结构。如果这种蛋白质必须成双配对后才能发挥作用，那么用一种小分子把它们分开也许能对付癌症。
WINXP总管生物化学家Guy Salvesen说，掌握了survivin蛋白的结构“并没有澄清它是怎样防止细胞自杀的疑点”。但是他说，这些蛋白质配对的事实确实让人惊奇，“你几乎很难到不重要的二聚作用区域”。他也同意两个蛋白质的接触面将是抗癌症药物集中对付的良好靶标。
Crystal structure of human Survivin bound to histone H3 phosphorylated on threonine-3.
Survivin, a subunit of the Chromosome Passenger Complex, binds the N-terminal tail of histone H3, which is phosphorylated on T3 by Haspin kinase, and localizes the complex to the inner centromeres. We used X-ray crystallography to determine the residues of Survivin that are important in binding phosphomodified histone H3. Mutation of amino aci
ds that interact with the histone N-terminus lowered in vitro tail binding affinity and reduced CPC recruitment to the inner centromere in cells, validating our solved structures. Phylogenetic analysis shows that non-mammalian vertebrates have two Survivin paralogs, which we name Class A and B.
A distinguishing feature of these paralogs is H to R change in an amino acid that interacts with the histone T3 phosphate. The binding to histone tails of the human Class A paralog, which has a histidine at this position, is sensitive to changes around physiological pH, while Xenopus Survivin Class
B is less so. Our data demonstrate that Survivin paralogs have different characteristics of phosphospecific binding to threonine-3 of histone H3, providing new insight into the biology of the inner centromere.
crystal structure of human Survivin in complex with H3(1-10) peptide Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis family protein implicated in apoptosis and mitosis. In apoptosis, it has been shown to recognize the Smac/DIABLO protein. It is also a component of the chr
omosomal passenger complex, a key player during mitosis. Recently, Survivin was identified in vitro and in vivo as the direct binding partner for phosphorylated Thr3 on histone H3 (H3T3ph). We have undertaken structural and binding studies to investigate the molecular basis underlying recognition of H3T3ph and Smac/DIABLO N-terminal peptides by Survivin. Our crystallographic studies establish recognition of N-terminal Ala in both complexes and identify intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions in the Survivin phosphate-binding pocket that contribute to H3T3ph mark recognition. In addition, our calorimetric data establish that Survivin binds tighter to the H3T3ph-containing peptide relative to the N-terminal Smac/DIABLO peptide, and this preference can be reversed through structure-guided mutations that increase the hydrophobicity of the phosphate-binding pocket.
d-木糖国家自然科学奖CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF SURVIVIN BOUND TO THE N-TERMINAL TAIL OF HSGO1
Localization of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) at centromeres during early mitosis is essential for accurate chromosome segregation and is dependent on the phosp
horylation of histone H3. We report the 2.7 ? resolution structure of the CPC subunit Survivin bound to the N-terminal tail of histone H3 carrying the Thr3 phosphorylation mark (Thr3ph). The BIR domain of Survivin recognizes the Ala1-Arg2-Thr3ph-Lys4 sequence, decoding the modification state and the free N terminus of histone H3 by a strategy similar to that used by PHD fingers. The structural analysis permitted the identification of putative Survivin-binding epitopes in other mitotic proteins, including human Shugoshin 1. Using biophysical and structural data, we show that a phospho-mimic N-terminal sequence such as that of hSgo1 (Ala1-Lys2-Glu3-Arg4) contains the specificity determinants to bind Survivin. Our findings suggest that the CPC engages in mutually exclusive interactions with other constituents of the mitotic machinery and a histone mark in chromatin.
Crystal structure of Hepatitis B X-Interacting Protein at high resolution Hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP) is a ubiquitous protein that was originally identified as a binding partner of the hepatitis B viral protein HBx. HBXIP is also thought to serve as an anti-apoptotic cofactor of survivin, promoting the suppression of pro-caspase-9 activation.
Here were port the crystal structure of the shortest isoform of HBXIP (91 aa long,?11 kDa) at 1.5 ? resolution. HBXIP crystal shows a monomer per asymmetric unit, with a profilin-like fold which is common to a super family of proteins, the Roadblock/LC7 domain family involved in protein-protein interactions. Based on this fold, we propose that HBXIP can form a dimer that can indeed be found in the crystal when symmetric molecules are generated around the asymmetric unit. This dimer shows an extended ?-sheet area formed by 10 anti-parallel ?-strands from both subunits. Another interesting aspect of the proposed HBXIP dimer interface is the presence of a small leucine zipper between the two ?2 helices of each monomer. In solution, the scattering curve obtained by small-angle X-ray scattering for the sample used for crystallization indicates that the protein is dimeric form in solution. The fit between the experimental small angle X-ray scattering curve and the back calculated curves for two potential crystal dimers shows a significant preference for the Roadblock/LC7 fold dimer model. Moreover, the HBXIP crystal structure represents a step towards understanding the cellular role of HBXIP.
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