一、原理知识梳理
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。关系代词或者关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。 定语从句的基本结构： 先行词＋关系词＋句子
句型转换：
The little boy can recite quite a lot of Chinese poems and he is singing there now.
The little boy (who is singing there now) can recite quite a lot of Chinese poems.
括号里的成分都是修饰前面的the little boy boy，即修饰名词，我们称之为定语从句；被修饰的这个名词叫先行词；连接先行词和定语从句并在定语从句中充当成分的叫做关系词。
二、关系词代词的基本用法：
引导定语从句的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as。它们在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、或定语，作宾语时可省略。
基本用法如下：
先行词 | 关系代词 | 从句中的成分 | 例句 |
物人 | who | 主语，宾语，表语 | The boys who are playing football are from Class One. This is the girl 布莱克斯科尔斯who I talked with just now |
whom | 宾语 | This is the girl whom I talked with just now |
物 | which | 主语，宾语，表语 | The house which is by the lake looks nice This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. |
人，物 | that | 主语，宾语，表语 | He number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.上海佳程广场 Where is the man that I saw this morning |
Whose (of which, of whom) | 定语 | I visited a scientist whose names known all over thecountry. |
as | 主语，宾语，表语 | As I know, she hasn’t got married. He is such a person as 组织切片is respected by all of us. |
| | | |
真题解析：
（2012 江苏）After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ＿＿urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.
B 句意：洪灾过后，那个地区的人们正在受苦。为了生存，他们急需干净的水、药品和住所。本题考查非限制性定语从句。讲先行词people带入定语从句后为：people urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive,可知先行词在从句中作主语，所以排除C项；D项不能引导定语从句，故排除；因为先行词为“人”，所以排除A项。故答案为B项。
(2010.扬州)
—The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu.
—Yes. They are helping the people ________ are suffering from the earthquake.
A. which B. what C. / D. who
D: “—志愿者们在玉树表现得很好。—对，他们正在帮助那些在地震中受灾的人。”
“在地震中受灾的人”是修饰“the people”，所以“the people”是先行词，代入从句是原词带入，即选用关系代词，又修饰人，应选D项。
(2010.常州）
They want to develop a kind of dog-friendly food _________ will help dog owners cool down pets.
A. who B. what C. which D. whether
C: “他们想要研制一种让狗变得友好的狗粮，狗主人们可以用它让宠物们安静下来。”
先行词是food，定语从句修饰物，代入从句是原词带入，即选用关系代词，选C。
(2012.南京）
The English-Chinese dictionary ______ my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value.
A.whose B. when C. who D. that
D：“我爸爸几年前买给我的英汉辞典现在仍然很有用。”
先行词The English-Chinese dictionary，定语从句修饰物，代入从句是原词带入，即选用关系代词，选D。
（2013 江苏 ）The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,______ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
B 句意：世界银行主席说他非常喜欢中国，他记得这种喜爱之情始于他的儿童时代，本题考查定于从句。先行词是a passion for China,在定语从句中作宾语，要用关系代词，所以选B项。A和D是关系副词，在定语从句中作状语；C项不引导定语从句，均可排除。
练习：
Lu Xun, whose real name was Zhou Shuren, wrote many political novels and essays.
The boy who/that 新时代工人的力量is playing ping-pong is my classmate.
The e-mail黄宗海 which/that I received yesterday was from my sister.
I’ve never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.
I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.
关系代词只用that的情形
（1）当先行词是all， any， few， little， none， anything， everything， nothing， everybody，nobody，everyone， no one 或被它们修饰时
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said李老师讲的你都记下来了吗
There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.对他来说似乎世界上没有
什么不可能的事。
All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做好了。
There is little that I can do for you.我不能为你干什么。
He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.他呆在图书馆查所需的资料。
真题解析：
（2014 陕西）Please send us all the information ______ you have about the candiate for the positon.
A. that
先行词 the information被all修饰，定语从句的关系代词只能用that
（2015 江苏）I hope that the little ＿＿＿I have been able to do has been of some use.
C 句意：我希望我能够做的那点小事已经有所帮助。本题考查定语从句。由于先行词是不定代词little，关系代词只能用that，不能用which，在从句中作do的宾语，故选C项
(2) 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时
This is the first composition that he has written in English．
这是他用英语写的第一篇作文。
This is the mose beautiful park that I have visied.枕式包装机控制系统
这是我见过的最美丽的公园.
真题解析：
(2012.扬州)
Zhang Lili is considered as the most beautiful teacher ______ gave her love to her stude
nts in danger.
A. who B. that C. whom D. which
B： 先行词是 teacher，并且先行词被形容词最高级修饰，只能选B。
(2011.扬州）
One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou _________ are often visited by foreigners is the West Slender Lake.
A. what B. who C. that D. /
C: 先行词places，并且最高级修饰先行词，所以只能选C项。
本题的难点在于先行词的定位，本题最靠近定语从句的是“in Yangzhou”，因此很多同学会误将“Yangzhou”当作先行词。但是“in Yangzhou”是介词短语修饰前面的名词places，先行词是名词（或代词），所以应当是“places”作先行词。并且分析句意可知，外国人常去游玩的地点是瘦西湖，不是指整个扬州。
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