现在完成时
I/ we/ you/ they have worked
he/ she/ it has worked
2.现在完成时的用法
（1） 动作过去发生，但对现在的结果或影响仍存在，这种情况常不与任何时间状语连用。（延/结） I’m sorry I have lost my key. I can’t open the door.
对不起，我把钥匙弄丢了。门开不了了。
She has left. If you want to see her, you’ll have to come tomorrow.
她已经走了。如果你想见她的话，你得明天再来一趟。
（2）表示动作过去发生，一直延续到现在，这种情况常与表示一段的时间状语连用。（延/结（否定句中）/be +……、 We have lived here since last October.
自从去年十月份我们就一直住在这儿。
She has studied English for 5 years.
她学英语已有5年之久。
(3) He has left America.
他已离开美国。（短暂性动词不能和表示延续的时间连用） She has been away from America for five years.
她离开美国已达五年之久。（延续性动词可以和表示延续的时间连用）
结束性动词在现在完成时中不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是它们可以转换成相应
的延续性动词.
1.直接用延续性动词
buy– have；catch(get) a cold –have a cold；borrow—keep；become—be；put on-- wear move to→live in open sth.→keep sth. open
get to know → know
2.转换成be+名词
join the army – be a soldier；join the Party –be a Party member；
go to school– be a student
3,转换成be+形容词或副词
die—be dead；finish – be over；leave—be away (from)； fall sleep – be asleep close – be closed come to/ go to/arrive at(in)+某地—be in(at) +某地 reach … → be in …begin/start→be on, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up return → be back
4.转换成 be+介词短语go to school– be in school ； get up_ be up；
leave→be away, join → be a member of … / be in …
999外挂网
.Mr Li has already been here for half an hour.
（李先生来这儿已有半小时了。）
.The film has been on for ten minutes.
（电影开映已有十分钟了。）
.I have had this computer for 3 years.
（这台电脑我买了已有三年了。）
.How long may I keep this book?
（这本书我能借多长时间？）
(1)他死了三年了。
误：He has died for three years.
正：He has been dead for three years.
正：He died three years ago.
正：It is three years since he died.
正：Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他来这儿五天了。
误：He has come here for five days.
正：He has been here for five days.
正：He came here five days ago.
正：It is five days since he came here.
正：Five days has passed since he came here.
.
终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成"not+南广学院图书馆终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型，意为"直到……才……"。如：
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。
怎样与until或till正确连用
一般来说，until或till前面的谓语动词是延续性动词时，我们常用肯定式：
A until (till) B.表示：A一直延续到B的发生，B一开始, A就停止；B不开始，A不停止。
例如： I’ll stay at home until /till my parents come back （我将呆在家里直到我父母回来。） I won’t leave till my parents come back. 言外之意是，我父母不回来，我就一直呆在家里，我父母回来后我就离开家。因此又可以改写为： .I′ll leave home after my parents come back. （我将在父母回来之后才离家。） 如果until或till前面的谓语动词是终止性动词时，我们常用否定式： not A until (till) B.表示：A一直停止到B的发生，B一开始，A就发生；B不开始，A不发生。例如： . I didn’t receive the notice unitl last evening. 言外之意是，昨天晚上我一直没有接到通知。 Don”t get off the bus until it has stopped.
公共汽车停稳后再下车。
5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是"段时间"(从
句谓语动词用延续性动词)郑博闻。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)
6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如：
误：How long have you come here?
正：How long have you been here?
正：When did you come here?
(4)在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中代替将来用完成时。
I’ll go with you when I have made the model plane.
我做完模型飞机就同你一块去。
(5) 在“It’建筑风水论文s the first ”句中可以用现在完成时。
It’s the first time that I have seen this kind of film.
这是我第一次看这样的电影。
(6) have gone to，have been to的区别
have gone to到...去了，关键是人已离开出发地，至于到达目的地了没有则无从知道。
Jack is away on holiday. He has gone to France.
杰克去度假，他到法国去了。
儿童体格发育调查have been to到...去过，关键是到过某地，而且又已经离开了那个地方。
Mr Chen is back home from holiday. He has been to Beijing.
Where is Kate? 凯特在哪儿？
She has gone to Singapore. 她到新加坡去了。
ca1850
Where have you been? 你去哪儿来着？
I have been to the library. 我刚才去了图书馆。
(7). since从句中两种时态的不同含义
我们再来分析一下since从句中使用终止性动词与延续性动词的区别。 在since从句中我们往往使用终止性动词的过去时，从句表示的时间是“从那一时刻起”，如：
15.Mr Brown has made quite a few Chinese finends since he came to China.
(布朗先生自从来中国以后已交了相当多的中国朋友。)
since从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词的一般过去时，从句表示的时间是“从那延续性动词动作结束时算起”，如：
16.It′s three weeks since my aunt stayed here. (=My aunt hasn′t stayed here for three weeks.)
（我阿姨不在这儿已有三周了。）
17.I haven′t heard from him since I lived in Shanghai.
(自从我离开上海以来，一直没有收到他的来信。)
但是如果在since从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词的现在完成时，那么与其一般过去时的含义就完全相反了。试比较：
18.I have been at school since I have been ill.
（我生病以来一直在学校里。）
19.I have been at school since I was ill.
（我病愈以来一直在学校里。）
弄清since从句中两种时态的不同含义，对于以下例句的理解就不会感到困难了。如：
20.It′s 4 years since Mr Li smoked. （李先生戒烟已有四年了。）
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