定义 | 状语从句用作状语，是起副词作用的句子。 |
位置 | 状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开。 |
分类 | 根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。 |
作用 | |
引导词 | 用法 | 示例 |
when | 意为“当…的时候”。When引导从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时” | A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth.说谎者讲真话时也没有人相信。 When he arrives, I’ll call you. When you laugh and smile, your body relaxes. |
while | 意为“在…的时候，在…的同时”。While引导从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，发生时间较长，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。While有时还可以表示对比。 | While I was standing at the window, I saw several boys running along the street. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. |
as | 意为“一边…一边…”。As引导的动作是延续性的，发生时间较短，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调一前一后。 | The writer was angry as he was travelling on a train to London because someone had invaded his “space”. He smiled as he stood up. |
after | 意为“在…之后”。表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句与从句的动作时间关系与before引导的从句相反。 | With many hungry visitors waiting, don’t stay too long at your table after you have finished. If an early exit is necessary, you can leave after a scene is over. |
before | 意为“在…之前”。引导的从句不用否定形式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作的先后。 | You can’t watch TV before you finish your homework. Before it ended, the theatre was almost empty. My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived. |
till | 意为“直到”。一般情况下可以和until互换。如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定和否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。 | She didn’t even know that it was an earthquake till she saw a shaking ( moving from side to side) light. The fireman worked very hard till the fire was out. |
until | 意为“直到”。在强调句型中多用until。如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定和否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。 | I’m waiting for my sister. I won’t go to see my uncle until she comes. Wait until I finish what I am doing. |
since | 意为“自从，从…以来”。引导从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，也可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。 | I have been studying hard since I entered the high school. It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. It is five years months since our boss was not in Beijing. |
as soon as | 意为“一…互动通就…”。引导时间状语从句时，如果主句用了将来时，从句一般使用现在时。 | Tom will call me as soon as he gets home. I will call you as soon as I arrive. |
引导词 | 用法 | 示例 |
where | 意为“哪里”。“where引导的地点状语从句，（there+）主句”“哪里…哪里就…”。主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用；主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there. | Where there is a will, there is a way. They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. You should have put the book where you found it. |
wherever | 意为“无论何地”。anywhere/wherever引导地点状语从句+主句。anywhere本身是个副词，但是常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相当于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。 | Wherever the sea is, you will find seaman. I’ll go anywhere you go. |
引导词 | 用法 | 示例 |
if | 连词，意为“假如，如果”。当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。 | Don’t talk loudly at the meeting. If you do, you will have to leave. We’ll go for a picnic if it doesn’t rain this weekend. |
unless | 连词，意为“除非（=if not）。当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。 | Don’t discuss the problems with your partner unless you are asked to do so. I won’t go there unless you come with me. |
引导词 | 用法 | 示例 |
as | 意为“因为”。引导原因状语从句时表示附带。说明“双方已知的原因”，语气比since弱，较为正式，位置较为灵活（常放于主句之前）。 | As the weather is cold, I stay at home. As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi. As you are tired, you’d better rest. |
since | 意为“因为”。引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由（通常被翻译成“既然”），较为正式，语气比because弱。 | Since the earth looks like a ball, the sun can shine on only half of it at a time. Since the race is in April, I had to run throughout the winter, and in Boston, winters are cold. Since everybody is here. Let's begin our meeting. |
because | 意为“因为”。引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后，表述直接原因，语气较强，最适合why引导的疑问句。Because引导的原因状语从句有时可以与because of短语互换。 | The woman prefers winter because she can skate. I’d like to collect stamps because they are interesting. I’m very tired these days because of studying physics. He can’t come because he is ill. = He can’t come because of his illness. |
for | 意为“因为”。引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些辅助性的补充说明，for引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后，并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。 | He must be ill, for he is absent today. He could not have seen me, for I was not there. |
引导词 | 用法 | 示例 |
so that | 意为“以至，以便”。目的状语的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。 | Try to speak loud enough so that people can hear you clearly. Mr. Green speaks very loudly so that all the people can hear him clearly. |
in order that | 意为“为了”，相当于so that. in order to后面可以跟动词原形构成目的状语，不是目的状语从句。 | We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make a arrangements. |
引导词 | 用法 | 示例 |
so…that | 意为“如此…以至于…”。 so+ adj./adv.原级+that, so是副词，只能修饰形容词和副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little(这四个形容词表示多或少时)连用,形成固定搭配。so+ many 或few+复数可数名词+that; so+ much或little+不可数名词+that. | This year it has rained so heavily in South China that lots of problems are caused. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn’t skate on it. Too often, we spend so much time thinking about the future that we fail to enjoy the present. There are so few notebooks that I can’t give you any. |
hat | 意为“如此…以至于…”。有三种结构：such+a(an)+adj.+单数不可数名词+that; such(+adj.)+不可数名词+that; such( + adj.) +复数可数名词+that, such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组。有时可与so…that句型转换。 | It’s such a wonderful song that we all like it. Simon is such dishonest person that no one believes him. The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.= He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school. |
引导词 | 用法 | 示例 |
though | 意为“虽然”。不能和多孔性吸声材料but连用。但是可以同yet(still)连用，构成though…yet(still). though较普遍，常用于非正式的口语和书面语中。even能和though组合表示强调，在这里even though=even if(no matter if; though即使…也…)。though可以独立用作副词，常放在句末，意为all the same(还是；仍然)或however(可是；然而)。 | So it has lived up to now though it isn't strong at all. Though they are twin brothers, they don’t look like each other. Even if/ Even though we could afford it, we would afford it, we wouldn’t go abroad for our vacation. |
although | 意为“虽然”。不能和but连用。但是可以同yet(still)连用，构成although…yet(still). although 较为正式，语气比though重，常用以强调让步概念。 even不能和although组合。 | Although he died several years ago, I can still remember the days we spent together and what he has taught me about love. Although we had little food with us, we decided to spend the night in the car. |
引导词 | 用法 | 示例 |
as…as... | 意为“和…一样”。表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as人民日报评知网事件为副词，第二个as为连词。其基本结构为：as+adj./adv.原级+as。若有修饰成分，如天津市人口与计划生育条例twice, three times, half, a quarter等，则须置于第一个as之前。 | She is very good at painting. She can paint as well as here teacher. I ran out as quickly as possible. |
not as / so…as | 意为“和卡盘扳手…不一样，不如”。也表示同级比较。 | She is not so (as ) outgoing as her sister. This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think. |
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