楚 雄 师 范 1819treejron学 院
本 科 生 毕 业 论 文2019干网站
系 （院）： 教育学院
专 业： 教育技术学
学 号：
学生姓名： 李玉刚
指导教师： 职称： 讲师
论文字数： 20149
完成日期： 2017 年 5 月
教 务 处 印 制
中文摘要
近些年来，城市洪涝灾害频频发生，我国各大城市几乎都遭受了严重的损失。究其原因，不外乎自然因素和社会因素两类，一方面，随着全球气候发生急剧的变化，极端气象灾害愈发频繁；另一方面，在城市规划建设中缺乏全面的考虑，对可能发生的内涝灾害没有有效的预防措施和手段。城市，特别是超大型城市，其洪涝灾害已成为最具威胁和频繁发生的自然灾害之一。因此，women在应对城市洪涝灾害的时候，要提高对城市洪涝的认识，在城市规划建设中统筹兼顾，在避免灾害的同时要开发利用雨洪资源。数值模拟是城市洪涝管控规划、预测和防范的不可缺少的重要手段之一。 本文在深入研究分析了国内外在城市降雨径流过程的模拟方法和手段的基础上，基于二维浅水方程体能训练服SWE，利用TVD-MacCormack显式差分格式构建了数值计算模型。该模型以研究区域的地形数据为基础，以道路、明渠水流、建筑、草地为主要模拟对象，能够反映复杂的流速变化和积水过程的演变。通过结合泥沙馆水槽试验模型模拟了三种简单的工况，利用所测数据对构建的模型进行了校正和分析。
本文首先将模型应用在清华园的模拟中，利用RTK移动测量技术对清华园的道路进行了详
细的测量。通过以ArcGIS为工具，对清华园地形图的处理和分析，整理出不同下垫面条件的区域，在模拟计算时为其附加不同的属性，特别是高程属性。模拟计算结果显示清华园在面对强降雨时不会出现大范围水位较深的积水点。本文还对北京市降雨的特征做了简要的概括，并利用RTK测量了北京五环及以内中心城区的道路高程数据，并做了简要的处理分析，由于时间所限，暂时没有利用所建模型模拟计算北京市在面对强降雨时的积水点分布特征和产汇流过程。
女体解剖图本文所做的工作是基础性的、应用性的研究，可以为构建北京城市防洪体系提供技术支持，也对城市的规划建设和雨洪资源的利用具有积极的意义，同时，随着我国城市建设的快速发展，研究结果也能为全国各大城市降低洪水灾害提供支持。
关键词：清华园；TVD-MacCormack应用集成；数值模拟；RTK
ABSTRACT
In recent years, the heavy rains and urban floods events occur frequently, and almost the
major cities in China have suffered a serious damage. The general reason is that it is include nature and social factors. For one hand, with the trend of global climate change, there are more and more extreme weather events. For another hand, because of lacking comprehensive consideration in urban planning and construction, there are no effective measures to prevent and reduce disaster for possible urban floods. City, especially megacity, urban flood has become one of the most threatening and frequent natural disaster. Therefore, facing the disaster, we should understand and improve awareness about urban flood, and balance all concerned factors in city planning and construction. At the same time of avoiding disaster, we should develop and utilize rainfall flood resources. The numerical simulation is one of the most important methods in control, prediction and precaution of urban flood.
In this paper, based on in-depth research of the domestic and foreign in the process of urban rainfall and runoff simulation methods, and a HEMF2D numerical model is built on the basis of two dimensional shallow water equations and TVD-MacCormack finite difference scheme. The roads, buildings, grassland and open channel are main object to
be simulated, and model can reflect the complexity of the process of velocity and evolution of flow. Three simple conditions are simulated on the basis of flume experiment, and by using measured data, we correct and analyst the HEMF2D model.
This paper applied the model to the simulation of Tsinghua University. Using RTK mobile mapping technology measure the elevation and outline of road in Tsinghua University. By the use of ArcGIS, the THU topographic map is handled and analyzed, and divided to different area based on land surface condition, and add different properties in different areas, especially elevation property. Simulation result shows that the THU don’t emerge a wide deep range of water in the face of a heavy rainfall. This paper also make a brief summery about the character of Beijing rainfall and runoff, and measure the ring road elevation data of Beijing central city by using RTK. Owing to time constraint, there is no simulation so far about the process of runoff and the distribution of water elevation in Beijing.
My work is very basic and applicable study, which can provide technical support for the c
onstruction of Beijing City Flood Control System, and also have position significance for city planning and develop rainfall flood resources. And, with the rapidly development of urbanization, the study results will provide some support to reduce flood disaster in most of major cities in China.
Key words: Tsinghua University; TVD-MacCormack; Numerical simulation; RTK
豫公网安备41160202000603
站长QQ:729038198
关于我们
投诉建议