The MAIN Model: A Heuristic Approach to Understanding Technology Effects on Credibility
MAIN模型：了解技术对可信度影响的启发式方法
The media world of today’s youth is almost completely digital.
With newspapers going online and television becoming increasingly digital, the current generation of youth has little reason to consume analog media.
随着报纸和电视变得越来越数字化，现在的一代年轻人却没有多少理由去消费模拟媒体。
Music, movies, and all other forms of mass-mediated content can be obtained via a wide array of digital devices, ranging from CDs to DVDs, from iPods to PDAs.
音乐、电影以及其他所有大众媒介的内容都可以通过数字设备获得：从CD到DVD、从iPod到电脑。
Even their nonmedia experiences are often characterized by a reliance on digital devices.
甚至一些非媒体的经验，这些年轻人往往依赖于数字设备。
Obama speech in ShanghaiMost young people communicate with most of their acquaintances through cell phones and computer-mediated communication tools such as instant messengers and e-mail systems.
大多数年轻人通过手机和电脑中的交流工具与他们朋友交流，如即时通讯工具和。
And, with the arrival of personal broadcasting technologies such as blogs and social net-working sites, many youngsters experience the world through their own self-expression and the expressions of their peers.
并且随着类似于博客社会化网站这种个人广播技术的到来，许多年轻人通过自我表达与同龄人的表达来了解世界。
香茅醇
This serves to blur the traditional boundary between interpersonal and mass communication, leading to an idiosyncratic construction of one’s media world.
气动真空阀
这模糊了传统的人际关系和大众传播的界限，导致了一种特殊的媒介世界的建构。
Customization in the digital age—be it in the form of Web sites such as customizable portals that allow users to shape content or devices such as iPods that allow for customized playlists—enables the user to serve as the gatekeeper of content.
在数字时代的定制是在门户网站中，允许用户自定义内容或设备，如iPod允许用户自定义播放列表——相当于使用户作为把关者的角筛选信息。 As media get highly interactive, multimodal, and navigable, the receiver tends to become the source of communication.
随着媒体的高度互动性，多模式，可导航，信息的接受者往往成为通信的来源。
While this leads naturally to egocentric construals of one’s information environment, it als
o raises questions about the veracity of all the material that is consumed.
而这自然导致人们的信息环境是以自我为中心的，这是我们无法确定信息是否真实可靠。 The ease of digital publishing has made authors out of us all, leading to a dramatic profusion of information available for personal as well as public consumption.
Much of this information, however, is free-floating and does not follow any universally accepted gatekeeping standards, let alone a professional process of writing and editing.
许多这样的信息是不受约束的，它不遵循任何公认的标准，更没有专业写作和编辑的过程。
Therefore, the veridicality of information accessed on the Web and other digital media is often suspect.
因此，在数字媒体和网页上访问信息的真实性往往是被怀疑的。
This makes credibility a supremely key concern in the new media environment, necessita
ting the constant need to critically assess information while consuming it.
这使得如何判断可信度是在新媒体环境下最关键的问题，它需要在接受过程中谨慎的评估。
Credibility is classically ascertained by considering the source of information.
考虑信息来源是判断可信度最经典的方法可信度是经典的确定考虑的信息来源。
If the attributed source of a piece of information is a credible person or organization, then, according to conventional wisdom, that information is probably reliable.
如果一条信息的来源是一个可信的人或组织，那么，根据传统的智慧，信息可能是可靠的。
However, in Internet-based media, source is a murky entity because there are often multiple layers of sources in online transmission of information (e.g., e-mail from a friend giving you a piece of information that he or she found on a newsgroup, posted there by a
nother member of the group, who obtained it from a newspaper Website that picked this up from a wire report) leading to a confusing multiplicity of sources of varying levels of perceived credibility.
然而，在互联网媒体中，来源是一个未知的实体，因为在信息的传播过程可能会有多个来源层次（例如，朋友发给你一个邮件关于他或她发现一个新闻组，并且由另一个人发布消息bind9 ），来源的多样性会导致不同程度的感知可信度，而使人们感到困扰。
Some have suggested that in addition to considering credibility of sources, information receivers also consider message credibility as well as the credibility of the medium as a whole.
有人提出，除了考虑消息来源的可信度外，信息接收者还应该考虑信息内容的可信度以及整个媒体的可信度。
Cues and Heuristics in the Digital Age数字时代的线索和启发
Ultimately though, source, message, and medium credibility serve as nominal cues—a given source is perceived as credible or not, a given message element is perceived as credible or not, and likewise a given medium or media vehicle or channel is perceived as credible or not—that provide mental shortcuts for effortlessly assessing the believability of information being received.
来源、信息和媒体的可信度作为名义上的线索为提供心理捷径可以轻松评估信息可信度而被人们所接受。这个名义上的线索指：信息来源是否可信；信息内容在感知上是否可信和给定媒介在感知上是否可信。
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