Cantonese opera is one of the major Chinese opera categories. It is a traditional Chinese art form that originated in southern China’s Cantonese culture, and involves music, singing, martial arts, acrobatics and acting. Today it is not only very popular in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong and Macao, but also performed in Southeast Asia, Oceania and American countries where Cantonese people live. Cantonese opera was included in the first list of 518 state-level intangible cultural heritage elements, which was announced on May 20th, 2006.
粤剧是中国戏曲的主要种类之一。它是中国传统艺术形式，起源于中国南方的广东文化，涉及音乐、歌唱、武术、杂技和表演。今天，它不仅在广东、广西、香港和澳门很受欢迎，而且在东南亚、大洋洲和广东人居住的美国国家也很受欢迎。2006年5月20日公布粤剧被列入首批518项国家级非物质文化遗产。 Cantonese opera was originally called Narm hei (南戏), or Nanxi (Southern opera) in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, and was popular in Guangdong and Guangxi at that time. The first performance language was Central Plains music (中原音韵), also known as Theatre Mandarin. Later, at the end of the Qing Dynasty, Theatre Mandarin was changed to Cantonese so that it could be easy for people to understand. During the Qing
Dynasty, Nanxi employed “Banghuang” as the basic tone and had also preserved tones of Kunqu opera, Ge opera and Guang opera. By absorbing the folk melodies and tunes of Guangdong, Nanxi was developed into the earliest kind of Cantonese opera.
亚细亚生产方式>gos在明朝嘉靖时期，粤剧最初被称为南平，或南戏，当时流行于广东和广西。第一种表演语言是中原音乐(中原音韵)，也称为戏剧普通话。后来，在清朝末期，戏剧普通话被改为粤语，这样人们就可以容易地理解。清代，楠溪江以“梆黄”为基调，保留了昆曲、葛剧和广剧的音调。南戏吸收了广东的民间旋律和曲调，发展成为最早的粤剧。
During the Xinhai Revolution, many patriotic Cantonese performers promoted the idea of fighting with the Qing Dynasty, imperialism and feudalism through their performances in Cantonese opera. They often practiced and organized performances, and meanwhile absorbed the cream of dramas and movies. Soon Cantonese opera had been enriched by the cream of dramas and movies.
辛亥革命时期，许多爱国粤剧演员通过粤剧表演，宣扬与清、帝国主义、封建主义斗争的思想。他们经常练习和组织表演，同时吸收戏剧和电影的精华。很快粤剧就被戏剧和电影的精华所丰富。
Since 1949, when the People’s Republic of China was founded, the Chinese government has placed great importance on the arts. Consequently, Cantonese opera has obtained further development and many excellent operas have been performed. In addition, many new people have been cultivated to engage in this profession. In 1958, the Guangdong Opera House was founded.
自1949年中华人民共和国成立以来，中国政府一直非常重视艺术。因此，粤剧得到了进一
步的发展，上演了许多优秀的剧目。此外，许多新人被培养来从事这一职业。1958年，广东歌剧院成立。
At early stage, performers liked to wear a great deal of makeup, but they used very simple cosmetics. The main five colors—red, black, white, blue and yellow—symbolized loyalty, honesty, cattiness, arrogance and capability, respectively. Different roles might wear different types of make-up in order to match the role. However, in the 1920s performers preferred to wear light makeup, and the most common makeup was “red-white face.”
早期，表演者喜欢化mpeg编码>eaglelake浓妆，但他们使用非常简单的化妆品。主要的五种颜——红、黑、白、蓝和黄——分别象征忠诚、诚实、刻薄、傲慢和能力。不同的角可能会使用不同类型的化妆品来搭配角。然而，在20世纪20年代，表演者更喜欢淡妆，最常见的化妆是“红白脸”。
There is a variety of headwear used in Cantonese opera, such as headgear, chignon and accessories. Different types of headwear have their own characteristics, so they must each be used and protected in a different way. In general, females have more headwear than males. But male performers do have some headwear, such as Taizi (Chinese prince) helmets. What Jia Baoyu in A Dream of Red Mansions wears is a Taizi helmet, which is often worn by princes or young generals.
粤剧中使用的头饰种类繁多，如头饰、发髻和配饰。不同类型的头饰有各自的特点，所以它们必须以不同的方式使用和保护。一般来说，女性比男性有更多的头饰。但是男演员确实有一些头饰，比如太子盔。《红楼梦》中贾宝玉戴的是太子盔，王子或年轻将军经常戴这种头盔。 刚构In the beginning, Cantonese opera costumes reflected the clothing style of the Ming Dynasty. Later, as Peking opera became increasingly popular, it was strongly influenced by Peking opera costumes. Costumes were made of cloth and later some accessories were added. Today embroidered costumes are the order of the day.
起初，粤剧服装反映了明代的服装风格。后来，随着京剧越来越受欢迎，它受到京剧服装的强烈影响。服装由布料制成，后来增加了一些附件。今天刺绣服装是当今的主流。 Different roles require different costumes. For example, an actor playing the Xiaosheng, a very gentle role, wears a costume with long sleeves, while the Xiaowu, an acting role, demands a costume with short sleeves so as to act easily. Generally, Cantonese opera performers have to master four skills: singing, acting/movement, delivery of speeches, an
d martial/gymnastic skills.
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