摘要
1904年，受日俄战争及国际红十字运动的影响，万国红十字会于上海成立，这是中国红十字运动的开端。随着辛亥革命的推动，中国红十字会在多数省份均掀起了建立分会的浪潮，这就使得红十字会力量逐渐壮大。纵观整个近代，红十字会作为慈善组织因战争而生，并在天灾人祸的救济中不断完善、健全。 近代，红十字会能够在地处西南边陲的四川生根发芽，在一定程度上受到四川区域环境因素的影响。首先，四川不仅善会、善堂类的传统慈善组织较为发达，而且绅商行善之风盛行。此时，传统慈善事业的风靡为同是慈善组织的红十字会铺垫了道路。其次，在社会因素方面，四川境内天灾人祸频发，社会局势混乱，人民生活无着。这就直接催生了大量的慈善组织，四川红十字会亦是其中之一。最后，经济基础是慈善事业发展的根基。自重庆开埠以来，四川的民族资本主义经济诞生并有所发展。外加抗战时期内迁工业的带动，四川在经济方面有能力支撑红十字会的成立及运作。在上述因素的影响下，1911年3月，大清红十字会重庆分会应势而生，成为四川地区第一个红十字会。步入民国，因战事刺激，四川红十字会力量进一步扩大，并一度位居各省红十字会数量之首。 纵观整个近代，四川红十字会的发展一直贯穿着两条主线：一是分会组织的完善，二是慈善活动的开展。在组织完善中，四川红十字会通过广泛的征求会员、征募经费、培养救护人才等方式增强
自身建设。同时，因时势的需要，四川红十字会的数量也时有增减。在慈善活动中，四川红十字会在救灾、恤难等方面做出了卓越的贡献。救济内容具体包括了战事救护、水旱偏灾赈济、施医赠药、施赠棺木、社会服务等等，从而成为了近代四川慈善事业的重要组成部分。作为社会团体，四川红十字会的内外交往主要涉及有总会、政府机关及军队。在具体慈善活动的开展过程中，四川各分会不仅需接受中国红十字总会的领导，市、县政府的监管，同时也需军队的保护。所以，川中的红十字会与三者（总会、政府、军队）互为帮衬，共同发展。
此外，四川红十字会作为区域环境的产物同样存在区域的特点，即在分会组织的发展上出现分会数量多而地域分布不均的现象；在救援中，战地救护突出，自然灾害赈济缺乏。“以史为鉴”是当今历史问题研究的主要目的。近代，在四川红十字会的发展过程中成就与问题并存，这就为当今慈善事业及红十字会的发展提供了有益的经验。
关键词：四川，红十字会，组织运行，慈善活动，近代
ABSTRACT
In1904,under the influence of the Russo-Japanese War(1904-1905)and the International Red Cross movement,the International Red Cross Society was founded in Shanghai,that was the beginning of the Red Cross movement in China.With the impetus of the Revolution of1911,the Chinese Red Cros
s set off a wave of establishing branches in most provinces,which made the strength of Red Cross gradually grow.Throughout the modern times,as a charity,the Red Cross came into being under the stimulus of war,and constantly improved and perfected in the relief of natural and man-made disasters.婆罗多舞
In modern times,the Red Cross was able to take root and germinate in Sichuan,located in the southwestern border area, which was affected by the regional environmental factors in Sichuan.Firstly,Sichuan not only the traditional charity such as charitable associations and charitable halls were relatively developed,but also the showing mercy of gentry and businessmen was very popular.At this time,the popularity of traditional philanthropy paved the way for the Red Cross,which was also a charity.Secondly,in terms of social factors,natural and man-made disasters occurred frequently,the social
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南海纪行situation was chaotic,and the people's lives were deprived in Sichuan.It directly spawned a large number of charity,Sichuan's Red Cross was one of them.Finally,economy is the foundation of charitable development.Since Chongqing opened a commercial port,Sichuan's national capitalist eco
nomy had been born and developed.In addition,driven by the relocation of industries during the Anti-Japanese War,Sichuan was able to support the establishment and operation of the Red Cross in economy.With the influence of above factors,Chongqing Branch of the Qing's Red Cross came into being in March 1911,that became the first Red Cross in Sichuan.Entering the Republic of China,the Sichuan's Red Cross was further strengthened by the war,and once became the province with the largest number of branches in whole country.
Throughout the modern times,the development of Sichuan's Red Cross had been accompanied with two main lines:one was the improvement of branch organization,the other was the development of charitable activities.In the process of organizational improvement,the Sichuan's Red Cross strengthened own construction through extensive recruitment of members、funds and training of rescue personnel.At the same time,due to the needs of the times,the number of Sichuan's Red
Cross had increased or decreased from time to time.In charitable activities,the Sichuan's Red Cross had made outstanding contributions in disaster relief.Specifically,it included war rescue,flood and drought relief,medical donation,coffin donation,social services and so on,which had became an important part of the Sichuan's modern philanthropy.As a social organization,the internal and external communication of the Sichuan's Red Cross mainly involved the Chinese Red Cross、gover
农夫山泉京华时报
nment and army.In the course of carrying out the specific charitable activities,the branches of Sichuan not only needed the leadership of the Chinese Red Cross,the supervision of the municipal and county governments,but also needed the protection of the army.Therefore,the Red Cross in Sichuan and the three parties (the Chinese Red Cross,the Government and the Army)were mutually supportive and develop together.bazo
金属锂
In addition,as a product of regional environment,the Sichuan's Red Cross also had regional characteristics,that is, there were many branches but uneven geographical distribution in the development of branch organizations.In the rescue,war rescue was prominent and natural disaster relief was lacking.“Learning from history”is the main purpose of the
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