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药学专业有机化学综合练习题参考答案
1.
CH3CH2CHCH2CHCH3CH3CH32. (CH3)2CHCH2CHCHCH2CH3CH2CH3CH3
3.CH3CHCH2CHCH2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH3
2,4-⼆甲基⼰烷2,5-⼆甲基-4-⼄基庚烷2-甲基-4-⼄基庚烷
4.
CH3CHCH2CH2CHCH2CH3CH3CHCH3CH3 5.ClCH2CH3
6. BrCH3CH2
2,6-⼆甲基-3-⼄基庚烷(1R,3R)-1-⼄基-3-氯环⼰烷顺-1-⼄基-4-溴环⼰烷
7.H3CCH38.
9. Cl10. Br
3,6-⼆甲基⼆环[3.2.2]壬烷1,3,8-三甲基螺[4.5]癸烷5-氯螺[3.4]⾟烷2-溴⼆环[4.3.0]壬烷
www.doczj/doc/617e63ee667d27284b73f242336c1eb91b3733ea.html COOHCH3HCH3CH212. CH3CH2CH2CHCHCCCH3CH3CH2CH313. CH3CH=CHCCH14. CH=CH2CH3CC
E-2-甲基-2-戊烯酸4-甲基-5-⼄基-2-⾟炔3-戊烯-1-炔1-戊烯-3-炔
15.CHCH2CHCH3OHCH2 16. CCCH2HHH3CH
CH3OH17.CH3CH2CH3OHH18.HSCH2CH2OH
4-戊烯-2-醇(2R,4E)-4-⼰烯-2-醇(S)-2-丁醇2-巯基⼄醇
19.SO3HCH320.OHOH 21. OH 22.
OHNO223.SO3HNO2
2-甲基苯磺酸间苯⼆酚2-萘酚5-硝基-2-萘酚5-硝基-2-萘磺酸
24. CH3CH2OCH=CH225.
CH3CHO26.CO2HOH 27.
CH3CH2CCH2CH(CH3)2O
⼄基⼄烯基醚对甲基苯甲醛3-羟基苯甲酸5-甲基-3-⼰酮
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28.教心学
CH3CHCHCH2COClCH329. HOHCO2HCH330. COOCH2CH3
3-甲基戊酰氯D-乳酸(R-2-羟基丙酸)造纸助留助滤剂
苯甲酸⼄酯
31. CH3CH2CCH2COOCH3O 32. HCON(CH3)233. CH3CH2CONHCH334.
N(CH3)2
3-戊酮酸甲酯N,N-⼆甲基甲酰胺N-甲基丙酰胺N,N-⼆甲基苯胺
35.
NCOOH 36. NNF. 37.
OCHO38. NCH339.
COOHHH2NCH2SH
β-吡啶甲酸5-氟嘧啶2-呋喃甲醛3-甲基吡啶L-
半光氨酸
1. 螺[3.4]⾟烷
2. 2,7,7-三甲基⼆环[2.2.1]庚烷
3. 双环［3.2.1］⾟烷
4. 2,3-⼆甲基-.2,4-⼰⼆烯
CH3CCCH3CHCH3CHCH3
5. Z-3-甲基-2-氯-2-戊烯
6. (Z)-3-⼄基-2-⼰烯
新安江第二小学7. 1,6-⼆甲基环⼰烯
8. ⼄基
9. ⼄烯基
西部开发报
CCClCH3CH3CH2H3C CH3CCHCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3CH3CH3
CH3CH2-CH2=CH
氧化锡10. 异丁基11.异戊基12.苄基13. 苯基14. 烯丙基
CH3CHCH2CH3CH3CHCH2CH2CH3CH2
CH2=CHCH2
15. 叔丁醇16. (2R,3R)-1,2,3-三氯丁烷17. (2R,3R)-,2,3-⼆氯-1-丁醇18. 反-2-甲基-2-丁烯醇(CH3)3COH HClCH2ClCH3ClH ClHCH2OHCH3ClH
CCCH3CH2OHHH3C
19. 4,5-⼆甲基-2-⼄基-1,3-⼰⼆醇20. 甲异丙醚21. 苯甲醚22. 3-戊烯醛
CH3CHCHCHCH3CH3CCH2OHOHCH2CH3H CH3OCH(CH3)2OCH3
CH3CH2CHCH2CHO
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23. 4-甲基-2-戊酮24. 苯⼄酮25. 1-环⼰基-2-丁酮26. 2-甲基-1-苯基-1-丁酮
CH3CCH2CHCH3CH3O COCH3CH2CCH2CH3O
CCHCH2CH3OCH3
27. R-乳酸28. L-2-氨基丙酸29. 丙⼆酸30. 3-羟基戊⼆酸31. 顺
-丁烯⼆酸酐
COOHOHHCH3H2NHCOOHCH3HOOCCH2COOH
HOOCCH2CHCH2COOHOH OOO
32. ⼄酸丙酸酐33. ⼄酸⼄酯34. 3-甲基丁酸⼄酯35. N-甲基苯甲酰胺
CH3COOCCH2CH3O CH3COOCH2CH3CH3CHCH2COCH2CH3OCH3
CNHCH3O
36. 1,4-戊⼆胺37. N,N-⼆甲基苯胺38. N-甲基-N-⼄基环⼰胺39. 溴化甲基三⼄基铵
H2NCH2CH2CH2CHCH3NH2N(CH3)2NCH3CH2CH3N H3CC2H5 C2H5C2H5Br-+ 40. 氢氧化三甲基异丙基铵41. 2-呋喃甲醛42. N-甲基-2-羟基咪唑43. 5-⼄基噻唑44. 嘌呤N H3CCH3CH3CH(CH3)2 OH-+OCHO NNCH3OH
NSC 2H5NNNH N
三．写出下列反应的主要产物
1. CH3CHCH2 + HBrCH3CHBrCH3
2.+ HBrCH3CCH2CH3CH3CCH3CH3Br
3.CH3+ HI CH3CH2CHCH3I
4.CH3+ HClCH3CH3CH2CCH3CH3Cl
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5+ HBr CH 3Br
6.+ HBrCH3Br
7.CH2=CH－CH=CH2 + CH2=CH－CHO CHO
8.O+O
9.(CH3)3CCH2CH3KMnO4,H+(CH3)3CCOOH
10.CH 3Cl2FeCl3CH3Cl
11.C 2H5+ Cl2FeCl3C2H5Cl+C2H5Cl
12.CH2CH3NBS CHCH3Br
13.CH3NBS BrCH2BrBr
14.+ Br2FeBr3C O O C OOBr
+COOBr
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15.+ Br2NO2CNFeBr3NO CNBr
16.(CH3)2CHCHCH3Cl KOH/C2H5OH(CH3)2CCHCH3
17.BrKOH/⼄醇CH3CH2CHCH3CH3CH=CHCH3
18.BrKOH/⼄醇CH3CH2CCH3CH3CH3CH=CCH3CH3
19. CH3CH2CH2Br + NaOCH3 CH3CH2CH2OCH3
20.CH2Cl + (CH3)3CONaCH2OC(CH3)3
21.(CH3)2CHCl + NaSH (CH3)2CHSH
22.BrCH2BrNaOHBrCH2OH
23.ClCH2CHCH2ClNaOHHOCH2CHCH2Cl
24.CH3CH2CHCH2C6H5OHH2SO4CH3CH2CH CHC6H5
25.CH2CH2OH+ SOCl2CH2CH2Cl
26.OH+ SOCl2Cl+ SO2+ HCl
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27.重排CH3CHCHCH3CH3+CH3CH2CCH3CH3+
28.重排CH3C+CH3CH3CH2CH3C+CH3CH2CH3
29.CH3OCH3 + HICH3OH + CH3I
30.+ HClC 6H5CHCH2OCHCl3C6H5CHCH2Cl OH
31.+ HOCH3CH3ONa OCH3CH3CH3CH3CCH3OHCHOCH 3CH3
32.CH3CH2CHO稀NaOH低温CH3CH2CHCHCHOOHCH3
33.O+ CH3CH2MgBr(1) ⽆⽔⼄醚(2)H2O/H+HO
CH2CH3
34.H3O+CH3CCH3O+ CH3Mg I⽆⽔⼄醚CH3CCH3CH3OH
35.O+(C6H5)3P=CH2DMSOCH2
36.+ HCHO(CH3)3CCHO NaOH(浓)+ HCOO-(CH3)3CCH2OH
37.CHO+H2N-NHO2NNO2N-NHO2N NO2CH=
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38.CH3CH2CH2CHO + HOCH2CH2OH⼲HClCH3CH2CH2CH OO
39.CHCHOCH 3OCH3NaOOCCOONa + 2CHI3I2 +NaOH
40.C6H5COCH2CH2CH3Zn-Hg, HClC6H5CH2CH2
CH2CH3
41.CH3CH2CH2COOH + Cl2PCH3CH2CHCOOHCl
42.CH3CH2CCH2COOHOCH3CH2CCH3 + CO2O
43.CH3CH2CHCH2COOHOHCH3CH2CHCHCOOH
44. COOH浓H2SO4OH(CH3CO)2
O+COOHOOCCH3
45. COOHOH+ NaHCO3COONaOH
46. 180o CCOOH COOH OO O
47.NaOH+CClO N H CN O
48. COONa+ CH3CH2ClCOOCH2CH3
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49.OOO+ CH3OH回流HOOCCH2CH2COOCH3
50.(2)H2O(1)NaOC2H52 CH3CO2C2H5CH3CCH2COCH2CH3OO
51.Br2CH3(CH2)4CNH2O/ NaOH CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
52. CH 2CH2CONH2+ Br2+ NaOHCH2CH2NH2
53. O + NH3OCH2CH2CH2CONH2OH
54.CH3NHCH3CH3N(CH3CO)2OCH3COCH3
55.+ HN(CH2CH3)2CH3SO2ClCH3SO2N(CH2CH3)2
56. NH2+ NaNO2 + HCl0~5℃N2+Cl
57. CH 3N+(CH3)3OHCH2
58.NHCH3COONO2OH-,(CH3CO)2O,5℃NHNO2
周渝斐59. +NSO3NSO3-+
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60. OCHO + NaOH (浓)OCH2OH +OCO2-
四、选择题
1．下列结构中所有碳原⼦均在⼀条直线上的是【 C 】A．CH2=CHCH2Cl B．CH3CH=CH2C．CH2=C=CH2D．CH2=CH-CH=CH2
2. 下列结构中，所有原⼦共平⾯的是：【A 】
A CHCH2B．CH3
C CH2OH
D COCH3
3. 分⼦中所有碳原⼦均为sp3杂化【D 】
A.C6H5CH=CH2
B. (CH3)2C=CH2
C. HC≡CCH=CH2
D. CH3CHClCH3
4.下列结构中，碳原⼦都是sp2杂化的是：【D 】
A．CH2CHCH3B．CH2CCH2
CCH2CHCCH D．CH2CHCH2+
5. 分⼦中所有碳原⼦均为sp2杂化【D 】
A. HC≡CCH=CH2
B.CH3CHClCH3
C. (CH3)2C=CH2
D. CH2=CHCH=CHCl
6. 具有最长碳碳键长的分⼦是【A 】
A．⼄烷 B. ⼄烯 C. ⼄炔 D. 苯
7．顺反异构与对映异构可共存的结构是【B 】A．B．
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