8.1 复习笔记
1. George Gordon Byron （1788-1824）（乔治·戈登·拜伦）
(1) Life （生平）
George Gordon Byron was born in an impoverished noble family in London. He was born with a clubfoot. At ten, the boy was made Lord Byron by the death of a granduncle. Byron spent his early years in Aberdeen, and was educated at Harrow School and Cambridge University. In 1809, he left for a two-year tour of a number of Mediterranean countries. He visited Portugal, Spain, Albania and Greece. He returned to England in 1811, and in 1812 the first two cantos of Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage were published. However, facing mounting pressure as a result of his failed marriage in 1816, scandalous affairs and huge debts, Byron left England in April 1816 and never returned. In Switzerland, he met Shelley and under the influence of Shelley, he wrote Prometheus, Sonnet on Chillon, and The P
risoner of Chillon. Byron was a staunch champion of the people’s cause; he supported the revolution against exploitation in Italy and Greece. In 1823 he went to Greece and plunged into a war of independence, but he died of fever in 1824.
Byron created many revolutionary poems. Byron’s influence has shown itself
in the works of the Chartist poets in England and the progressive Poets in many countries. He created the “Byronic hero”，which had a great influence in the literary field.
拜伦出生在伦敦一个没落的贵族家庭。他天生跛足。10岁时，拜伦因为一位叔祖父的离世继承了他的爵位。拜伦早年在阿伯丁生活，在哈罗公学和剑桥大学接受教育。1809年他动身去游历了许多地中海国家，游历了葡萄牙、西班牙、阿尔巴尼亚和希腊。1811年回到英国，1812年《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》前两章出版。然而，他1816年离婚，陷入多件风流韵事，又欠下巨额债款，面对如此多的压力，拜伦1816年4月离开英国，再也没回去。在瑞士，拜伦和雪莱相遇，并且在雪莱影响下完成了《普罗米修斯》，《咏锡隆城堡》和《锡隆的囚徒》。拜伦支持意大利和希腊的革命斗争。1823年他前往希腊并投身于希腊的解放斗争中，1824年他在希腊死于热病。 拜伦创造了许多革命诗歌，拜伦对英国的宪章派诗人和许多国家的进步诗人有影响。他创造了在文学领域有深远影响的“拜伦式的英雄”。
(2) Major Works of Byron （主要作品）
Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage（1812,1816-1818）《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》Manfred（1817）《曼弗雷德》
Don Juan（1818-1823）《唐璜》
法制与社会发展
Cain（1821）《该隐》
(3) Selected works （作品选读）
◆She Walks in Beauty《她在美中行》
This poem is from Hebrew Melodies. On June 11, 1814, Byron attended a party where he for the first time met his young cousin, lady Wilmot Horton, who was dressed in a black mourning gown. Byron
was so struck by her beauty that, on returning home, he wrote this poem in a single night.
此诗选自《希伯来歌曲》。在1814年6月的一次舞会上，拜伦第一次遇到他的表威尔莫·霍顿夫人。这位夫人穿着黑丧服，拜伦为她的美丽所打动，回家之后当晚便创作了此诗。
◆When a Man Hath No Freedom to Fight for at Home《当一个人在祖国没有战斗的自由时》
The Byronic hero is an idealised but flawed character exemplified in the life and writings of Lord Byron. This poem is one of the typical works to express what Byronic Hero is.
《当一个人在祖国没有战斗的自由时》这首诗短短几行，活灵活现地表现了“拜伦式英雄”不安于庸俗生活现状的理想。
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2. Percy Bysshe Shelley （1792-1822）（波西·比希·雪莱）
(1) Life （生平）
Percy Bysshe Shelley was born in 1792 in Sussex. Shelley was educated at Eton and at Oxford University, where he began to read radical writers such as Thomas Paine and William Godwin. In 1811, he was expelled for publishing a pamphlet supporting atheism. While living alone in London at
the age of 19, he made acquaintance with and eloped with a school girl of 16, Harriet Westbrook. The
unhappy union was dissolved in 1814. In 1816, Shelley married Mary Godwin, the daughter of William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft. His second marriage was a happy one, but their peaceful life was broken by the sudden death of Harriet, who drowned herself in a river. In 1818, Shelley took his family to Italy, where he spent all the rest of his life. In 1816 he began his friendship with Byron. Since his settlement in Italy, Shelley kept close ties with the Italian people who were fighting for their independence. On 8 July, Shelley was returning from visiting his friends Lord Byron and James Leigh Hunt when his boat overturned and he was drowned. His body was burned by Byron and the ashes buried in Rome.
波西·比希·雪莱1792年生于英格兰苏塞克斯郡。雪莱在伊顿公学和牛津大学接受教育，在牛津开始阅读激进作家的作品，如托马斯·潘恩，威廉·戈德温。1811年，他因出版一本小册子支持无神论被赶出学校。19岁时，独居在伦敦的雪莱结识了16岁的少女哈丽雅特·维斯布鲁克并与之私奔。1814年，他
与哈丽雅特的婚姻以失败告终。1816年他与玛丽·戈德温成婚，玛丽是威廉·戈德温和沃斯通克拉夫特的女儿。二人婚后十分幸福，但是他们平静的生活因为哈丽雅特的自杀而告终。1818年，雪莱带着家人去意大利，并在此度过余生。1816年雪莱与拜伦相识。在意大利期间，雪莱十分关注意大利人民争取自由的战争。7月8日，雪莱看望过朋友拜伦和亨特后返程时，船翻了，就被淹死了。他的尸体由拜伦火化，并葬于罗马。 (2) Major Works of Shelley雪莱主要作品
Queen Mab （1813）《麦布女王》好乐宝蒙文博客网
The Revolt of Islam（1817）《伊斯兰的反叛》
Prometheus Unbound（1819）《解放了的普罗米修斯》
“Song to the Men of England”（1819）《致英格兰人之歌》
The Cenci （1819）《钦契》
Adonais （1821）《阿多尼》
A Defence of Poetry（1821）《诗辩》
“Ode to the West Wind”（1819）《西风颂》
(3) Selected works （作品选读）
◆Ode to the West Wind《西风颂》
This poem is prophetic in its fighting spirit and singular in its lyrical beauty. It is a mixture of death and rebirth. Shelley is concerned with the regeneration of himself spiritually and poetically and of Europe politically.
It consists of 5 stanzas. The first stanza discusses the double role of the west wind as both destroyer and p reserver. Stanza two depicts the wind’s power which drives clouds before it and brings storms with it. Stanza three describes the wind’s effects on the sea. The fourth stanza conveys the poet’s emotional reaction to the west wind which makes him long for going back to his free boyhood. The last stanza reveals the poet’s demand for the wind to help spread the words of his poem among mankind and his prophecy that spring will come after winter. The ending note of the poem is confide
nt and hopeful.
“Ode to the West Wind”is his best lyrics on nature, which is also an expression of the poet’s eager aspiration for something free from the care and
misery of real life.
该诗具有预言性，富有斗争精神和抒情的美感。该诗以死亡和重生为主题。雪莱非常关心他自己在精神上和诗才上的新生和欧洲政治上的复苏。
诗歌由五个诗节组成。第一诗节描写了西风作为毁灭者和保护者的双重作用。第二诗节着重描写了西风的力量：驱散乌云，带来风暴。第三诗节讲述了西风对海洋的影响。第四诗节表达了诗人对西风的感情，这样的情感使他怀念自由的少年时光。最后的诗节表达了诗人对西风的请求，希望它将这首诗在人类中传播开去，并预言春天会跟着冬天的脚步而来。诗的结尾是振奋期待的。 《西风颂》是他的自然诗代表，同时他的自然诗也表达了诗人对于摆脱现实生活的烦恼和痛苦的渴望。
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(4) Comment on Shelley （对雪莱的评价）
Shelley loved the people and hated their oppressors and exploiters. He called on the people to overthrow the rule of tyranny and injustice and prophesied a happy and free future for mankind. He remained in this social and political ideal and fought for it all his life. He and Byron are justifiably regarded as two great poets of revolutionary romanticism in England.
整骨疗法>169网雪莱热爱人民，痛恨压迫者和剥削者。他号召人民推翻残酷和不平的专制统治，为创造一个幸福自由的未来而奋斗。他坚持自己的社会、政治理想并为之奋斗终生。雪莱和拜伦被公认为英国浪漫主义革命时期最伟大的两位诗人。
3. John Keats （1795-1821）（约翰·济慈）
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