词汇的翻译技巧
包括词义的选择和五大翻译原则
中英对译五大原则
英----中
1.扩充法
关系代词who ,whose, whom, which, that在不影响原文的意义，又能使原文流畅的原则下，可以视实际需要还原为它所代表的名词。Eg . These off-Broadway theaters produce much of the experimental drama that would be too risky to try out on Broadway. 译：这些百老汇外围的剧场演出了大部分的试验剧，这些试验剧如果直接就在百老汇演出会太冒险。
人称代词还原为名词。
Eg This book is mine.这本书是我的书
加虚字使语气生动。
Eg. Go to bed, if not ,I’ll tell your father.上床去，如果不听话，我可要告诉你爸爸了。
Eg. Don’t take it seriously. I’m just making fun of you.不要认真嘛！不过开开玩笑罢了。
2.省译法
冠词的省略：英文凡是指全体，天地间唯一的事物、最高级形容词、及特定的普通名词，一般都要在前面加定冠词the(指全体也可加不定 冠词或用复数名词)
Eg A camel is much inferior（差的）to an elephant in strength 骆驼力量大不如象。
Eg The horse is a useful animal.马是有益的动物。
Eg He is too honest to do such a thing.他太诚实不会做这样的事。柔性管接头
连接词的省译
Eg Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
Eg He looked gloomy and troubled.她看上去有些忧愁不安。
美国俄亥俄州
名词的省译
Eg. We live and learn.活到老，学到老
Eg You can never tell. 很难说
3.重复法
英文名词在出现第二次时，经常会以代词来代替，甚至省略
Eg You have your business and I have mine你有你的事，我有我的事
名词的重复法；动词的重复；受词的重复；用以加强语气的重复；使得文字生动的重复
Eg. Some of the guests could understand a little Chinese, but the others couldn’t.来宾之中有些听得懂一点国语，其他来宾完全不懂。
eg If you want to go you may, I have no objection to your going.你如果想走，可以走；我不会反对的。
eg The primary aim of science is to find truth, new truth.科学的基本目标就是寻求真理，寻求新的真理。
eg The animals went in twos and threes.动物三三两两走进去。
4.改译法
*英文名词与中文动词的转换
Eg. Are both or either parents smoker?父母俩都吸烟还是都不吸烟？Eg.We know that the mastery of a foreign language is not easy.我们知道掌握一门外语是不容易的。
*英文名词与中文形容词的转换
Eg.I have always wondered at the passion many people have going abroad.
Eg. The experience was a success.
*英文形容词与中文名词的转换
Eg. Obedience is obligatory on a soldier. (obligatory 强制的-----------n.义务) 服从是每个军人的义务。格氏试剂
Eg.The more carbon the steel contains,the harder and stronger it is.
钢里面炭的含量越高,强度和硬度越大
注意:可以转换成汉语名词的英语形容词通常有以下两种情况:
一是加上定冠词表示某一类人的形容词;另一类是用来表示特征或性质的形容词.
*英文形容词与中文动词的转换
Eg.A socially mature person gets along well with all types of people in all types of situations. He does not necessarily like or respect all people but he is tolerant and understanding and does not intentionally hurt anyone’s feelings.
(tolerant“宽容的”及understanding “谅解的”—改译为动词)
*英文副词与中文形容词的转换
英语形容词或动词转译为汉语名词时,原来修饰该形容词或动词的副词往往跟着转译成汉语形容词.
Eg.I suppose boys thinks differently from girls.
Eg.It was found scientifically by experiment and established by proof that iron, if fashioned as a thin blade, could be given a sharp edge by rubbing it against certain other substance.
科学实验发现并有证据证明,铁如果铸成薄片,在某些其他的物质上磨擦,便可把边缘磨得很锋利.(scientifically科学上的—.>科学的)
*英文动词与中文名词的转换ertl
Eg.My plan is menaced with failure.我的计划有失败的危险.
动词menace(威胁)----改译为名词(危险)黑染料
*英文动词与中文形容词的转换
It seems as if the awful nature of the place presses down upon the soul, an d hushes the beholder into noiseless.
(寺里)庄严气氛仿佛压制了游客的心灵,大家都有肃然起敬之感.
5．次序调整法
英文中有些形容词须置于被修饰词之后，而中文有将其置于前或后两种译法。
※形容词词序的调整
Eg The only trouble was that the parties concerned had sharply different ideas.唯一的麻
烦，就是有关方面有激烈对立的意见。“the party concerned”表有关方面，须把修饰语提前。
Eg. She was carrying a large basket full of flowers.她提着满满一大蓝花。
贺敏仁※名词、代词词序的调整
Eg My office is twice as large as my elder brother’s.我的
办公室是我哥哥的两倍大。
（中译须将相比较的东西译前）
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