Unit 4 Space Exploration 知识点精讲
一、词汇精讲
1. determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的
教材原句
However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.
然而，一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现他们探索太空的梦想。 常用搭配：
中韩渔业协定be determined to do sth决心做某事（表状态）
联想词：①determine vt．查明；确定；决定 determine on/upon (doing) sth决定（做）某事
determine to do sth决定做某事（表动作）
< He determined to start early. =He determined on an early start. =He determined on starting early．
秘鲁大冒险3d他决定早点出发。
< I left, determined never to come back again．
我离开了，下定决心再也不回来了。(作状语时，只能用determined) ②determination n.决心
联想拓展“决定／决心做某事”的其他表达
decide to do sth, make a decision to do sth, make up one's mind to do sth。
2. launch vt．& n.发射；发起；上市
教材原句
On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth.
1957年10月4日，苏联发射的人造卫星“旅伴一号”成功绕地飞行。
< Our marketing people have come up with a great idea for the launch of the new model．
我们的营销人员为新型号的上市想出了一个好主意。
常用搭配：
launch into sth/launch yourself into sth（热情地）开始做，投入
launch out开始从事，投身于（新事情，尤指有风险的事）
< He launched into a lengthy account of his career．
他开始啰啰唆唆地讲述自己的工作经历。
< It's time I launched out on my own.
该是我自己创业的时候了。
3. disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的
教材原句
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died．
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和沮丧，但探索宇宙的欲望却从未消失。
常用用法：
be disappointed at/about/with sth对某事感到失望
be disappointed to see/hear/find sth因看见／听到／发现某事而感到失望
be disappointed (that)…很失望……
< Local residents were disappointed with the decision.
当地的居民对这个决定感到很失望。
< We are disappointed that you will not be able to come.
你不能来，这让我们很失望。
联想词：
①disappointing adj．令人失望的
心脏麻痹
②disappointment n．失望；令人失望的人或事
to one's disappointment令某人失望的是
4. desire
教材原句
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died.
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和沮丧，但探索宇宙的欲望却从未消失。
常用搭配：
.have a/no desire for sth渴望／不想得到某物have a/no desire to do sth渴望／不想去做某事
< In the American 3D animation Moana, the heroine Moana has a strong desire to sail to the island across．
在美国3D动画片《海洋奇缘》中，女主人公莫阿纳强烈地想要航行到对面的岛上。
②vt．渴望；期望
< The hotel has everything you could possibly desire.
你想要的东西在这家酒店应有尽有。
常见用法desire sth渴望某事／物
desire to do sth渴望做某事
desire + that引导的宾语从句（从句谓语为should do形式，should可省略）期待／渴望……
< Here almost every individual desires to live in peace with neighbours．
这里几乎每个人都盼望与邻里和睦相处。
< The parents in China as well as students desire that the current education system (should) he adjusted to ensure their good sleep．
中国的家长和学生们都渴望现行的教育体制得以调整以确保他们良好的睡眠。联想拓展“渴望（做）某事”的其他表达
have a hunger/thirst for sth
long for sth/to do sth
starve for sth
be eager/anxious/dying/hungry/thirsty for sth/to do sth
< He always has a strong thirst for knowledge．
他总是有很强的求知欲。
5. carry on继续做，坚持干
教材原句
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks．
这是因为人们坚信继续进行太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。
常用搭配carry on doing sth继续做某事
carry on with sth继续某事
< After her husband's death, she carried on managing the hotel.
丈夫死后，她继续经营着旅馆。
< Once the decision has been made, we will carry on doing it no matter what happens．一旦作了决定，无论发生什么事情，我们都会继续下去。
< Carry on with your work while I'm out.
我外出的时候，你接着干吧。
联想拓展：含有carry的其他常用短语
carry off成功地完成（困难的事情）；赢得
carry out实施；执行
carry through顺利完成；帮助……渡过难关
< We should carry out the plan to the full．
我们应该尽可能地执行这项计划。
< It's a difficult job but she's the person to carry it through．
这是一项艰巨的工作，但是她是能够顺利完成它的那个人。
6. on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
教材原句
It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board, providing a continuous human presence in space．
它环绕地球运行，并搭载来自不同国家的宇航员，为人类在太空中提供了持续的存在。
泰诺
联想词board n．板；布告牌；委员会；董事会；（旅馆等提供的）伙食vi．＆vt．[正式]登上（船、车或飞机等）vi．（在学校）寄宿
boarding card登机卡，登船卡
7. independent adj.独立的
< The more independent you are, the better your life will be．
你越独立，你的生活就越好。
反义词dependent adj.依赖的；依靠的
proxyfox
联想词①independently adv.独立地
教材原句
China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.
中国在2003年成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家，当时杨利伟搭乘“神舟五号”飞船成功地环绕地球飞行。
②independence n．独立；自主
③dependence n．依靠；依赖
④depend vi．依靠；依赖
depend on/upon依靠；依赖；由……决定；取决于
< Do you depend on the ocean for your livelihood？
你靠海洋谋生吗？[BBC]
< It (all)/That depends．那得看情况。
8. signal
①vi．＆vt．标志着；表明；发信号；示意
教材原句
This signalled one step further in China's plan to establish a space station in the future．这标志着中国未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。
常用搭配：
--signal to sb示意某人
--signal (to) sb to do sth示意某人做某事
< She signalled to the children to come inside．
她示意孩子们进来。《朗文当代》
②n．信号；标志
< In our class, when the hell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a signal for everyone to stand up.
9. so as to (do sth) 为了；以便
教材原句
In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for later use．
在太空中，宇航员收集所有的脏水，以便之后循环使用。
< The government should encourage more people to use public transport and bicycles
第五种快乐so as to ease the traffic jam.
为了缓解交通拥堵状况，政府应鼓励更多的人使用公共交通工具和自行车。易混辨析so as to, in order to, so that与in order that 的用法区别易混短
语
用法
so as to 一般置于句末，作目的状语时可以与in order to互换。
in order
to
表示“为了；以便”，只作目的状语，可以置于句首或句末。
so that 引导目的状语从句或结果状语从句，表示目的时，其后从句中的谓语部分多含有情态动词may，might，can，could
等。
in order that 引导目的状语从句，从句中的谓语部分多含有情态动词may，might，can，could等。
10. lack
教材原句
Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy.
由于缺乏重力，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉在太空中会变得非常脆弱，所以他们需要每天锻炼，这将有助于他们保持健康。
常用搭配(a)lack of缺乏
for lack of因缺乏
< You can't be successful when there's a lack of trust in a relationship．
在一种缺乏信任的关系中你是不可能成功的。
< More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack space．
在大城市由于缺乏空间，人们建起了越来越多的高楼。
②v．没有；缺乏
< I'm afraid that I Jack experience in terms of this position.
恐怕我缺乏这一职位的相关经验。
常用搭配lack (for) nothing什么也不缺
联想词lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的
be lacking in缺少（后常接表示抽象概念的名词，如patience，confidence)
< Indeed he is a great scholar, but he is lacking in common sense.
他确实是一位伟大的学者，但是他缺乏常识。
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