题目： A Naturalistic Study of Henry Fleming’s Timidity in
The Red Badge of Courage
Contents
1. Introduction…………………………………………………………1
1.1. The Review of The Red Badge of Courage………………………1
影响因子1.2. The Review of Stephen Crane and the Naturalism in The Red Badge of Courage………………………………………………..2
2. Naturalistic Study of Henry Fleming’s Psychology…………………3三代同堂
2.1. The Call of Wild—the Desire to Go to the Battlefield……………3
2.1.1. The Exterior Factor—His Poor Family Background…………4
2.1.2. The Interior Factor—Regardless of Obstruction……………..6
2.2. The Survival of the Fittest—His Cowardice in Battlefield………9
2.2.1. Heroism Surrendering to Anxiety and Timidity…………….10
2.2.2. Triumph of Cowardice………………………………………12
2.3. Instinct for Living—His Endeavor of Covering after the War…..16
2.3.1. Covering His Cowardice by Lying…………………………16
2.3.2. Living on by Working Hard…………………………………18
3. Conclusion……………………………………………………………20术尔泰
Bibliography…………………………………………………………….21
Abstract
The Red Badge of Courage is the masterpiece of American writer Stephen Crane who is a famous naturalist writer in 19th century. This novel’s background is American Civil War (
1861-1865), and it tells us that a peasant woman’s son-Henry Fleming who always crave for the military life and to be a hero in the Civil War. Henry attends the military without his mother’s obstruction and he is controlled by his instinct--timidity through whole progress. During the running, Henry’s psychology has changed lot. Finally, he is commended for his fraud courageous behavior, and his mind is still filled with fear and cowardice. Returning to the battlefield, he fights hard with rage just for covering the fear and cowardice. In this essay, I will analysis Henry Fleming’s cowardice and his psychology change from naturalism.
课堂内外创新作文Key words: timidity; naturalism; psychology; instinct; fear
摘要
《红英勇勋章》是美国十九世纪的现实主义作家斯蒂芬·克莱恩的代表作。小说以美国南北战争（1861-1865）为背景，讲述了一个农妇的独生子亨利·弗莱明，渴望过军旅生活，渴望在战争中成为受人敬仰的英勇而不顾母亲的劝阻毅然加入了军队。而之后的整个生活都被自己的本能—胆小所控制。特别是在逃跑期间，他的心理经历了更多的变化。在返回 军营之后，他由于身上多了一条伤口而被大家赞扬，而此时他自己的心理确实充满着胆小与害怕。重返战场之后，为了掩饰自己的胆小与害怕，亨利·弗莱明更加英勇的战斗。在这篇论文中，我将从自然主义的角度去分析弗莱明的胆小与心理变化。 关键词：胆小；自然主义；心理变化；本能；害怕
1. Introduction
The Red Badge of Courage is the masterpiece of American writer Stephen Crane, who is a famous naturalist writer in 19th century. This novel’s background is American Civil War (1861—1865), and it tells us that a peasant woman’s son—Henry Fleming, who always craves for the military life and wants to be a hero in the Civil War. In order to make his dream come true, he attends the military regardless of his mother’s obstruction. Before the war’s beginning, Henry’s mind is full of fear and timidity for hearing some rumors. When facing the real war, he runs away from the battle. During his running away, he worries about that he would be laughed at. He faces his friend’s death. He longs for a wound to certificate his courage. Finally, he gets a wound but has nothing to do with the c
ourageous behavior. After returning to the military, although he is commended for his fraud courageous behavior, his mind is still filled with fear and cowardice. Returning to the battlefield, he fights hard with rage just for covering up the fear and cowardice. This novel ends with a declaration of Henry’s development into a man of honor and courage.
For Stephen Crane (1871—1900), as I know, he is one of the greatest naturalism novelists in American literature history. At the same time, he is a short story writer, poet and journalist. (Bowers F., 1984: 5) The French school of Naturalism has a great influence on his novels and him. During his short life, he creates three famous naturalism novels: The Red Badge of Courage, Maggie—A Girl of the Streets清廉指数 and The Open Boat. Therefore, someone says that he is a genius in the American novel history. Someone calls him the pioneer in the American naturalism literature. In these three naturalistic novels, we can get a serious of naturalistic ideas and themes. For example, “The fates preside over man’s life, when the man is in front of the cruel fates, environments and societies”, “Man, who are deprived of freedom, cannot get the help from the God, because the God is cold and don’t care about human’s suffering”. (罗小云, 2009:2) At the
same time, Stephen’s naturalism also includes a serious of Darwin’s theories, like, “the survival of the fittest”, “all living which includes man is constrained by the laws of nature” “human being is animal and animal is human being” and so on. (微旋风刘丹, 2010:32) From the macro, the Naturalism means the power of the environment. No matter it is natural environment or urban environment, they can beyond or overwhelm the human’s power so that the man cannot do anything for the decisive things. According to the Emile Zola’s definition to the literary naturalism, the naturalism is direct observation, description and acceptance to all things.
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