第3章英汉语言的对比
3.1 英汉词汇现象对比
一、试译下列各短语，注意英汉语中词的多义性和搭配能力的不同
1. ①soft music
东岳论丛编辑部
②soft life
③soft drink
④soft goods
⑤soft light
⑥soft breeze
【译文】①轻音乐；②安逸的生活；③软饮料（不含酒精）；④纺织品；⑤柔和的光线；⑥微风 2. ①a handsome car
②a handsome man
③a handsome profit
现金支付比率④a handsome compliment
【译文】①漂亮的车；②英俊的男士；③一大笔利润；④大加赞赏
3.①good results
②good food
③a good point
④a good deed
【译文】①好的结果；②符合标准的食物；③有说服力的依据；④高尚的习惯行为 4.①poor health
②poor food
③poor light
④poor soil
⑤a poor country
⑥a poor swimmer
【译文】①身体不好；②劣质食物；③昏暗的光线；④贫瘠的土壤；⑤贫穷的国家；⑥不擅长游泳的人
5. ①regular breathing
②regular customers
③a face with regular features香港将承认内地婚姻家庭案件判决
④a regular army/soldier
⑤a regular disaster
【译文】①均匀的呼吸；②老主顾；③五官端正的脸庞；④正规军；正规军士兵；⑤一场彻底的灾难 6. ①to cut wheat
②to cut cake
③to cut finger-nails
【译文】①割麦子；②切蛋糕；③剪指甲
7. ①to fuel up on food
②to fuel up on water
【译文】①吃点食物；②喝点啤酒
二、试译下列单词和句子，根据汉语表达习惯进行增添
1. sorting
【答案】分类法
2. allergy
【译文】（医学）变（态反）应性/过敏性
3. measurement
【译文】测量法/测量结果
4. neutralization
5. modification
【译文】修改方案/修正稿
6. oxidation
【译文】氧化作用
7. transmission
【译文】传递方式/传动装置
8. cycling
【译文】周期变化
9. programming
【译文】程序编制
10. magnetization
【译文】磁化作用/磁化强度
11. mercuriality
【译文】易变特性
12. substitution
日本女性的生活地位【译文】取代作用
13. corrosive
【译文】腐蚀剂
14. dripping
【译文】滴注法
15. assimilation
【译文】同化作用
16. relativity
【译文】相对论
17. lithonephrotomy
【译文】肾结石切除术
18. memory
阻尼线【译文】存储器
19. After the First World War, the mine-owners of South Wales were unable to
produce coal as cheaply as the more mechanized mines abroad, with the result that for many years there was serious unemployment in South Wales.
【译文】第一次世界大战以后，南威尔士矿主不能像海外机械化程度较高的煤矿一样廉价出煤，结果南威尔士多年来有着严重的失业现象。
20. It was after the defeat that he truly raised his voice for realism.
机械成孔灌注桩
【译文】只是在战败之后他才真正地大声疾呼要持现实主义态度。
21. Since gaining our independence, we have made every effort to overcome the servitude of our past.
【译文】我国赢得独立以来，我们一直在尽力摆脱往昔遭受奴役的状况。
22. The galleons of New Spain pierced the isolation that from the time immemorial
had been the fate of the single ethnic community.
【译文】新西班牙大帆船船队打破了单一种族社会自古以来与世隔绝的状态。
23. Arrangements have been made to give the foreign guests a warm welcome. 【译文】为热烈欢迎外宾，准备工作已经就绪。
24. She confines her remarks to scientific management.
【译文】她所讲的仅限于科学管理问题。
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