说明：本章全面收录《英汉翻译教程》（张培基主编，修订本）中的短文翻译练习，每篇短文后面不仅有参考译文，而且还列举出相应的翻译要点及解析，对于以该书为教材的考生来说，具有极高的参考价值和较强的指导性，同时可以帮助考生巩固该书所学内容。 1
When Chou En-lai’s door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful①. Yet it was a manly face, serious and intelligent, and Chu judged him to be in his middle twenties②.
留住今天的太阳Chou was a quiet and thoughtful man, even a little shy as he welcomed his visitors, urged them to be seated and to tell how he could help them.
Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was, what he had done in the past, how he had fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Yat-sen, been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China. He wanted to join the Chinese Co
mmunist Party group in Berlin, he would study and work hard, he would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life, which had turned to ashes beneath his feet③.
As he talked Chou En-lai stood facing him, his head a little to one side as was his habit, listening intently until the story was told, and then questioning him.
When both visitors had told their stories, Chou smiled a little, said he would help them find rooms, and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received. When the reply came a few months later they were enrolled as full members④, but Chu’s membership was kept a secret from outsiders.
General Chu explained this procedure as necessary because, as a general in the Yunnan Army, he had been one of the earliest Kuomintang members and he might be sent back to Yunnan by the Communist Party at some future date⑤. Though not publicly known as a Communist, General Chu said that he broke all connections with his past, and with the old society in every way, “so that a heavy burden seemed to fall from my shoulders.” There were hundreds of Chinese students in Germany at the time, most of them rich men’s sons with whom he might have associated⑥in the past. Such men he now avoided and he spent his time studying hungrily, avidly⑦, with young men many of whom were almost young enough to be his sons.
(From The Great Road, by Agnes Smedley) 【参考译文】碱的通性
周恩来的房门打开时，他们看到的是一个身材瘦长、比普通人略高一点的人，两眼闪着光辉，面貌很引人注意，称得上清秀①。可是，那是个男子汉的面庞，严肃而聪颖，朱德看他大概是二十五、六岁的年龄②。
周恩来举止优雅，待人体贴，在欢迎来客招呼他们坐下，并询问有何见教的时候，甚至还有些腼腆。
朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子，端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十岁的青年面前，用平稳的语调，说明自己的身份和经历：他怎样逃出云南，怎样会见孙中山，怎样在上海被陈独秀拒绝，怎样为了寻求自己的新的生活方式和中国的新的革命道路而来到欧洲。他要求加入中国共产党在柏林的党组织，他一定会努力学习和工作，只要不再回到旧的生活里去——它已经在他的脚底下化为尘埃了——派他做什么工作都行③。 他娓娓而谈，周恩来就站在他面前，习惯地侧着头，一直听到朱德把话说完，才提出问题。
两位来客把经历说完后，周恩来微笑着说，他可以帮他们到住的地方，替他们办理加入党在柏林的支部的手续，在入党申请书寄往中国而尚未批准之前，暂作候补党员。过了几个月，回信来了，两人都被吸收为正式党员④，但朱德的党籍对外界保持秘密。
朱将军解释说，这一措施是必要的，因为他原来是滇军将领，而且是资格颇老的国民党员，有朝一日⑤，很可能被共产党派回云南去工作。他虽然没有公开的共产党员身份，朱将军说他已经和过去的许多关系，和旧社会的各个方面都断了联系，“从而卸下了沉重的包袱”。那时，德国有好几百名中国留学生，很多是富家子弟，在过去，可能免不了与他们交往⑥。现在他则敬而远之，而和其他留学生——有些几乎可以做他的儿子——在一起，如饥似渴地⑦钻研学问。
(摘自艾格妮丝·史沫特莱著《伟大的道路》) 【翻译要点】
①将border on the beautiful译作“称得上清秀”，属于意译，使得译文更符合目的语的表达方式与习惯。
②in one’s twenties和in one’s middle twenties的译法略有区别，在翻译实践中，通常将in one’s twenties翻译成“二十几岁”，而in one’s middle twenties则翻译成
“二十五、六岁”，以此类推，in one’s early twenties则翻译成“二十一、二岁”。
③根据语境，turn to ashes beneath his feet可以直译为“旧生活变成了他脚下的灰烬”；而此处破折号后的“派他做什么工作都行”则属于增译法，实则是在对前一个句子进行补充说明。
④根据语境，将full member译为“正式党员”符合汉语的表达思维。
⑤将at some future date译作“有朝一日”比将其译为“在将来的某一天”更加巧妙，而且，在翻译中四字词的正确使用会给译文增不少。
⑥associate with sb. 表示“和……交往”“和……来往”，此处的associate为不及物动词，与with搭配使用。
⑦将hungrily和avidly一起译为“如饥似渴”很形象地译出了朱德做学问的痴迷之态。
太阳能浴室2
回来我的爱 阳一China’s first train from Beijing to Tibet set out July 2, 2006, carrying business travelers and thrill-seekers on the world’s highest railway.
麻醉药品临床应用指导原则The $4.2 billion railway, an engineering marvel that crosses mountain passes up ①to 16,500 feet high, is part of government efforts to develop China’s poor west and bind poor ethnic areas to the booming east.
The mood was festive aboard the train from Beijing on the 48-hour, 2,500-mile journey to Lhasa.
“I feel very proud,” said Guo Chaoying, a 40-year-old civil servant from Beijing who said he was goin
g to Lhasa on business. “We Chinese built this rail line ourselves, and it’s a world first, the highest. It shows our ability in high
technology.”
The specially designed train cars are equipped with double-paned windows to protect against high-altitude ultraviolet radiation. There are outlets for oxygen masks beside every seat, for passengers who need help coping with the thin air②.
Guo was riding in the lowest-price car, which had only thinly padded seats and no bunks, but he said he didn’t worry about resting.
“I’m too excited anyway, ‘‘he said. “There’s going to be too much to see.”
A few cars down, Tan Ji, a 40-year-old electrical engineer from suburban Beijing, was unpacking his camera in his luxury compartment, which had four beds and a television.
Tan said he planned to spend 11～12 days sightseeing in Tibet, then fly home.
“I’m really just going for the experience, because it’s a first③,” Tan said.
The opening of the railway coincided with④a major political anniversary—the 85th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China.
“This is a magnificent feat by the Chinese people, and also a miracle in world railway history,” President Hu Jintao said at a morning ceremony in the western city of Golmud to inaugurate service on the railway.
The first train on the line pulled out of Golmud carrying about 600 government officials and railway workers. Minutes later, a train left Lhasa for Golmud. A third train left the western city of Chengdu later in the day for Lhasa.
The train from Beijing pulled out of the Chinese capital Saturday night.
The 710-mile final stretch of the line⑤linking Golmud with Lhasa crosses some of the world’s most forbidding terrain on the treeless Tibetan plateau.
Xinhua reported Saturday afternoon that the train from Lhasa had crossed the 16,737-foot Tanggula Pass, which the government calls the highest point on any railway in the world.
Passengers signed health declarations saying they understood the risks of traveling at such high altit
ud e. They were required to declare that they didn’t suffer from heart disease or other ailments that might make them susceptible to altitude sickness.
(From The World of English, 2007) 【参考译文】
中国第一辆从北京开往西藏的列车在2006年7月2日开通，运载着商务旅行者和寻刺激的人们在世界最高的铁路上行进。 这条造价为42亿美元的铁路是工程史上的一个奇迹，它穿越①海拔高达16500英尺的山口，是中国政府努力开发中国贫穷西部并将贫穷的少数民族地区与快速发展的东部连接起来的一项举措。
乘坐火车从北京去拉萨的48个小时、2500英里长的旅程中，乘客们一路非常开心。
“我感到无比自豪，”来自北京的40岁的公务员郭朝英（音）说，他要去拉萨出差，“我们中国人自己建设完成了这条铁路，它是世界第一高海拔铁路。它表明了我们的高科技能力。”
视频监控设计方案特别设计的列车车厢配备有双层车窗，以防止高海拔地区的紫外线辐射。每个座位旁还配备有氧气面罩出口，用来帮助有需要的乘客应付空气稀薄引起的缺氧状态②。
郭的座位在最低价的车厢里，座位上只铺了薄薄的衬垫，没有卧铺，但他说他并不担心
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