You’re walking around and a thought occurs: “I should check my phone.” The phone comes out of your pocket. You type a message. Then your eyes remain glued to the screen, even when you walk across the street.
准晶当你正在走路的时候，一个念头跳出来：“我应该看一下手机。”你从口袋里把它拿出来。输入一条短信。然后，你一直在看手机，甚至在过马路的时候也不放下。 广西王子波We all do this kind of distracted walking, or “twalking.” (Yes, this term is really a thing.)
我们都会做这种走路不专心的事情，英文里因此出现了一个词“twalking”（由英文“发短信”和“走路”两个词结合而成。——译注）。（是的，真的有这么个说法。）
The behavior has spawned debates among lawmakers about whether walking and texting should be illegal. Some cities, such as Honolulu and Rexburg, Idaho, have gone beyond talk and banned distracted walking altogether.
磁力矩
这种行为在立法者当中引发了争论：边走路边发短信，究竟是否属于违法行为。在有些城市，比如火奴鲁鲁和爱达荷州的雷克斯堡，对这种行为已有定论，全面禁止走路时一心二用。
But we shouldn’t let that reassure us. Last year, pedestrian deaths in the United States were at their highest point since 1990, with distracted drivers and bigger vehicles the chief culprits. So being fixated on a screen while walking can’t be safe.
但我们不能因此而掉以轻心。去年，美国行人死于交通事故的人数达到1990年以来的最高，司机走神和汽车体积增大是主要的罪魁祸首。所以，走路看手机是很危险的事情。
“We know research-wise it’s not a good idea, and common-sense-wise it can’t be a good idea,” said Ken Kolosh, a manager of statistics at the National Safety Council, a nonprofit that focuses on eliminating preventable deaths. “We don’t ever want to blame the victim, but there’s personal responsibility all of us have.”
“我们知道，根据研究，这不是一个好习惯；从常理角度来说，这也不是一个好习惯。”国家安全委员会(National Safety Council)的统计经理肯·科洛什(Ken Kolosh)说，这是一个致力消除可预防死亡的非盈利机构。“我们无意责怪受害者，但我们每个人都有责任。”
So why do we do it? I talked to neuroscientists and psychologists about our conduct. All a
greed that texting while walking might be a form of addictive behavior.
焊接技术
那么，我们为什么要这样做呢？我为此咨询了神经学家和心理学家。所有人都认为，边走路边发短信可能是一种嗜瘾行为。旧金山中华总会馆
But this column isn’t about pointing fingers. Rather, now is a good time to reflect on why we are so glued to our phones, what we know about the risks and how we can take control of our personal technology rather than let it control us.
但是，本文不是要指责谁。相反，现在是反思我们为何玩手机上瘾、了解相关风险、如何控制个人科技产品而不是被它所控制的好时机。
Why We Text and Walk
我们为什么要边走路边发短信
People are, by nature, information-seeking creatures. When we regularly check our phones, we are snacking on information from devices that offer an all-you-can-eat buffet of information.
人在本性上就是一种寻求信息的生物。定期查看手机的行为，就像是从那些提供信息自助餐的设备上获取信息，而且“管饱”。 Our information-foraging tendencies evolved from the behavior of animals foraging for food for survival, said Dr. Adam Gazzaley, a neuroscientist and co-author of the book “The Distracted Mind: Ancient Brains in a High-Tech World.” Studies have shown that our brains feel rewarded when we receive information, which drives us to seek more. That’s similar to how our appetites feel sated after we eat.
神经学家、《分心的大脑：高科技世界里的古代大脑》(The Distracted Mind: Ancient Brains in a High-Tech World)的合著者亚当·加扎利(Adam Gazzaley)博士说，人类搜集信息的倾向是从动物为了生存而觅食的行为演变而来。研究发现，当我们接受到信息的时候，大脑会感到获得了回报，这会驱使我们去寻更多信息。这类似我们吃饱后的满足感。
In some ways, smartphones were designed to be irresistible to information-seeking creatures. Dr. Gazzaley drew this analogy: An animal will probably stay in a tree to gather
all of its nuts before moving on to the next one. That’s because the animal is weighing the cost of getting to the next tree against the diminishing benefit of staying. With humans and smartphones, there is no cost to switching between email, text messages and apps like Facebook.
在某种程度上，智能手机被设计成对寻求信息的生物具有不可抗拒的吸引力。加扎利做了这样的类比：一只动物可能会停留在一棵树上收集所有的坚果，然后再转移到下一棵树。这是动物对到达下一棵树的成本与留在同一棵树收益递减关系进行权衡的结果。对于人类和智能手机而言，在、短信和Facebook等应用程序之间切换是没有成本的。 “The next tree is right there: It’s a link to the next webpage, a shift to the next tab,” he said. “We transfer so easily that we don’t have to use up the nuts to move on to the next one.”
“下一棵树就在那里：下一个网页的链接，向下一个标签的切换，”他说，“转移对我们来说太容易，不必穷尽所有的坚果就能转移到下一个目标。”钙矾石
So we get stuck in cycles. At what point is this considered addiction?
因此，我们陷入了无穷无尽的循环中。那什么时候算是上瘾了？
Not all constant phone use was considered addictive, said Steven Sussman, a professor of preventive medicine at the University of Southern California. External pressures, like a demanding job, could force people to frequently check their phones. But when people check their devices just to enhance their mood, this could be a sign of a developing problem.
南加州大学(University of Southern California)预防医学教授史蒂文·萨斯曼(Steven Sussman)说，并不是所有持续使用手机的人都是上瘾。外部压力，比如要求繁多的工作，可能会迫使人们经常查看手机。但当人们只是为了改善情绪而查看电子设备，这可能就是要出状况的迹象。
Another signal of addictive behavior is becoming preoccupied with smartphone use when you should be doing something else. An even clearer indicator is what happens when the phone is taken away.
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