在学习了solidity的基本语法后，我们可以尝试来编译和部署⼀个solidity智能合约，部署流程如下
1）使⽤solc编译智能合约
2）启动⼀个以太坊节点（geth或testrpc）
刘奇简历3）将编译好的合约发布到以太坊的⽹络上
4）⽤web3.js api调⽤部署好的合约
⽂章⽬录
1.编译合约
1.1solc
如果没有安装过solc，需要先安装，在ubuntu执⾏以下命令
sudo apt-get install -y software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-respository -y ppa:ethereum/ehtereum
sudo apt-get update
sudo ape-get install -y solc
solc --version//有版本则成功
1.2编写智能合约
新建/geth/solc⽬录,⽂件Storage.sol，使⽤的ide是atom，⾃动补全
pragma solidity ^0.4.25;
contract Storage {
uint256 storedData;
function set(uint256 data){
storedData = data;
}
function Get() constant returns (uint256){
return storedData;
}
}
1.3编译合约
注意下这⾥不是单引号⽽是反引号，使⽤solc命令编译Storage.sol合约，把输出的结果赋值给storageOutput变量，同时输出到storage.js⽂件中
parallels@parallels-vm:~/geth/solc$ echo "var storageOutput=`solc --optimize --combined-json abi,bin,interface Storage.sol`"> storage.js
Storage.sol:5:3: Warning: No visibility specified. Defaulting to "public".
function set(uint256 data){
^(Relevant source part starts here and spans across multiple lines).
Storage.sol:8:3: Warning: No visibility specified. Defaulting to "public".
function Get() constant returns (uint256){
^(Relevant source part starts here and spans across multiple lines).
parallels@parallels-vm:~/geth/solc$ cat storage.js var storageOutput={"contracts":{"Storage.sol:Storage":{"abi":"[{\"constant\":false,\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"da ta\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"set\",\"outputs\":[],\"payable\":false,\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"constant\":true,\"inputs\":[],\"na me\":\"Get\",\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"payable\":false,\"stateMutability\":\"view\",\"type\":\"function\"}]","bin":"608060405234801561001 057600080fd5b5060bf8061001f6000396000f30060806040526004361060485763ffffffff7c010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000060003504166360fe47b18114604d578063b1976a021********b600080fd5b348015605857600080fd5b5060626004356088565b005b348015606 f57600080fd5b506076608d565b60408051918252519081900360200190f35b600055565b600054905600a165627a7a723058207329b6c82bb730452e864 cf684fe48ef2f9e88498eb90bfcdb2c3cbe2d8811830029"}},"version":"0.4.25+commit.59dbf8f1.Linux.g++"}
输出的内容有两部分组成
1）ABI:Application Binary Interface的缩写，字⾯意思为“应⽤的⼆进制接⼝”，可以通俗理解为合约的借⼝说明，当合约被编译后，它的abi也就确定了
[
{
"constant":false,//是否会修改合约的状态变量
"inputs":[//⽅法参数，对应⼀个数组
{
"name":"data",
"type":"uint256"
}
],
"name":"set",
"outputs":[],
"payable":false,//标明⽅法是否可以接受ether
"stateMutability":"nonpayable",
"type":"function"//⽅法类型，包括function,constructor,fallback
},
{橙年华
"constant":true,
"inputs":[],
"name":"Get",
"outputs":[
{
"name":"",
"type":"uint256"
}
]
可以看到abi解析后是⼀个数组，这⾥包含两个对象，每个对象对应⼀个合约⽅法，所以这个合约实际包含两个⽅法
2)bin：合约被编译后的⼆进制内容
2.部署合约
2.1启动geth节点
启动我们之前搭建好的私有链
geth --datadir "./db"--rpc --rpcaddr=0.0.0.0--rpcport 8545--rpccorsdomain "*"--rpcapi "eth,net,web3,personl,admin,shh,txpool,debug,miner"--nodiscover --maxpeers 30--networkid 1981--
port 30303 console
通过attach进⼊geth控制台
geth --datadir './db' attach ipc:./db/geth.ipc
洁净度检测
加载之前⽣成的storage.js⽂件
>loadScript('solc/storage.js')
true
> storageOutput
{
contracts:{
Storage.sol:Storage:{
abi:"[{\"constant\":false,\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"data\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"set\",\"outputs\":[],\
"payable\":false,\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\ "type\":\"function\"},{\"constant\":true,\"inputs\":[],\"name\":\"Get\",\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"payable\":false,\"stateMutability\":\"view\",\"t ype\":\"function\"}]",
bin:"608060405234801561001057600080fd5b5060bf8061001f6000396000f30060806040526004361060485763ffffffff7c01000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000060003504166360fe47b18114604d578063b1976a021********b600080fd5b348015605857600080fd5b50606 26004356088565b005b348015606f57600080fd5b506076608d565b60408051918252519081900360200190f35b600055565b600054905600a165627a7a7 23058207329b6c82bb730452e864cf684fe48ef2f9e88498eb90bfcdb2c3cbe2d8811830029"
}
},
version:"0.4.25+commit.59dbf8f1.Linux.g++"
}
分别获取abi和bin
门事件> var storageContractAbi = acts['Storage.sol:Storage'].abi
undefined
> var storageContract = act(JSON.parse(storageContractAbi))
undefined
> var storageBinCode ="0x"+ acts['Storage.sol:Storage'].bin
undefined
2.2部署合约
先解锁账户
> personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0],"123456",600)
true
然后发送
> var deployTransationObject ={ from:eth.accounts[0],data:storageBinCode,gas:1000000};
undefined
> var storageInstance = w(deployTransationObject)
Error: insufficient funds for gas * price + value
at web3.js:3143:20
at web3.js:6347:15
at web3.js:5081:36
at web3.js:3021:24
at <anonymous>:1:23
错误是因为这个账户⾥没有以太币，挖矿后重新运⾏
> var storageInstance = w(deployTransationObject)
undefined
现在⽹络中待处理的交易
伤花怒放
> txpool.status
{
pending:1,
queued:0
}
> txpool.inspect.pending
{
0xAe5B8710f1a506bac5f6F4F6aC79D796B6Bf2C7d:{
0:"contract creation: 0 wei + 1000000 gas × 1000000000 wei"
}
}
开始挖矿，使这笔交易写⼊区块
> miner.start(1);admin.sleepBlocks(1);miner.stop();
null
INFO [10-12|13:31:10.896] Successfully sealed new block number=16 sealhash=d59e90…dd3cea hash=8271b3…e14d75 elapsed=4.027s
INFO [10-12|13:31:10.896] ? block reached canonical chain number=9 hash=e06dc1…ab82ee
INFO [10-12|13:31:10.896] ? mined potential block number=16 hash=8271b3…e14d75
INFO [10-12|13:31:10.896] Commit new mining work number=17 sealhash=e14361…feeca6 uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed=1 56.404µs
通过storageInstance对象可以看到部署成功后的合约地址
> storageInstance
{
abi:[{
constant: false,
inputs:[{...}],
name:"set",
outputs:[],
payable: false,
stateMutability:"nonpayable",
type:"function"
},{
constant: true,
inputs:[],
name:"Get",
outputs:[{...}],
payable: false,
stateMutability:"view",
type:"function"
}],
address:"0x25c2bf1b06e9feedb2e3866a309bddd735f5eed0",
transactionHash:"0x5127129f147d8ff5fe1f2ae11fea215ca132fea4d8d5cbd8ef0a6716604a254e",
Get:function(),
allEvents:function(),
set:function()
}
根据部署合约的交易hash查看详情
> ansactionHash);
{
blockHash:"0x8271b3671a0bb1b614489c2d3977c04fa080b9ad3e5d6387df9f3058a7e14d75",
blockNumber:16,
contractAddress:"0x25c2bf1b06e9feedb2e3866a309bddd735f5eed0",
cumulativeGasUsed:103631,
from:"0xae5b8710f1a506bac5f6f4f6ac79d796b6bf2c7d",
gasUsed:103631,
logs:[],
logsBloom:"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000",
root:"0xf24b23c59413cdf30f5b52b191b90e0b85c4ca3efa55443f1165199ffd3ee7fb",
to: null,
transactionHash:"0x5127129f147d8ff5fe1f2ae11fea215ca132fea4d8d5cbd8ef0a6716604a254e",
transactionIndex:0
}
获取合约地址
> var storageAddress =ansactionHash).contractAddress
undefined
> storageAddress
"0x25c2bf1b06e9feedb2e3866a309bddd735f5eed0"
2.3调⽤合约
通过获取合约地址和合约进⾏交互
> var storage = storageContract.at(storageAddress);
undefined
> storage
{
abi:[{
constant: false,
inputs:[{...}],
name:"set",
outputs:[],
payable: false,
stateMutability:"nonpayable",
type:"function"
},{
constant: true,
inputs:[],
name:"Get",
outputs:[{...}],
payable: false,
stateMutability:"view",
type:"function"
}],
address:"0x25c2bf1b06e9feedb2e3866a309bddd735f5eed0",
transactionHash: null,
汉城大学Get:function(),
allEvents:function(),
set:function()
}
call表⽰直接在本地evm虚拟机中调⽤合约⽅法get()
> storage.Get.call()//在以太坊虚拟机本地执⾏功能，不会记录在区块链上，不需要花费以太币
调⽤合约set⽅法，先解锁
> storage.set.sendTransaction(42,{from:eth.accounts[0],gas:1000000})//通过发送交易来执⾏功能调⽤，永久记录在区块链上
"0x3c6b089a991066a8dae0c2fa938b70f016279d330107d30ba1246abe8d7c94ac"
> txpool.inspect.pending
{
0xAe5B8710f1a506bac5f6F4F6aC79D796B6Bf2C7d:{
1:"0x25C2Bf1b06e9FeedB2E3866A309bDDd735F5eED0: 0 wei + 1000000 gas × 1000000000 wei"
}
}
开启挖矿
miner.start(1);admin.sleepBlocks(1);miner.stop();
再调⽤合约的get⽅法
> storage.Get.call()
42
到这⾥就是成功通过控制台部署和调⽤了智能合约，可以看出⼿动实现是⼀件⽐较⿇烦的事，之后会学习使⽤truffle完成编译和部署
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