一、考查方向
这种综合概括类题目的一般范闱是：根本论点、文章标题、主题和段落大意，主要是测试考生阅读 理解的根本能力，考查学生在语言水平上对文章的整体把握：能否分辨主题与细节：能否具有综合、概 括、归纳和分析问题的能力。这类题目一般有以下几种提问方式： 这类题目一般有以下几种提问方式：
(―)中心思想类
1.The main idea / general idea of the passage is。
2.The text is mainly about。
3.This passage mainly tells us。
4.What is the topic of the text？
5.What does the first / second / last paragraph discuss？
6.The passage (The third paragraph) deals with。
7.Which of the following best summarizes the passage？
(二)标题类
1.The best title / headline for the passage would be。
2.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？
3.What is the best title for the passage？
(三)写作意图类
1.What is the purpose of the passage？
2.The passage is trying to。
3.The author writes this passage in order to。
4.Tlie purpose of the passage is to。
5.The passage is written for。
二、中心思想与标题之间的差异
A title is an identifying name given to a book， film， play， composition or other work。
Main idea is the thesis given by the writer before writing。 It must be carried out through the whole composition and it controls the development of writing。 It is the central thought which consists of main ideas of each paragraph。
文章是由段落组成的，段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章的中心思 想效劳的。主题句常有这样的特点：①有一个话题(a topic)；②阐述控制性概念(controlling idea)。
阿拉木图宣言
标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题，它是文章中心思想最精炼的表达方 式，它的特点是：短小精炼：涵盖性强一一覆盖全文：精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度和彩。 它可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。
三、答题中的常见错误
1。以点带而，以面概全。答案只是文章的细枝末节，不能涵盖全文或全段内容，所涉范闱太窄
2。无视文章的体裁〔尤其是作者的写作目的〕，因而导致有时所涉范围太大。
3宫古海峡。张冠李戴。命题人往往成心把文章作者的观点和其他人的观点混合起来，或者把与文章亳无关联的 观点提出来用以考查学生的分析区分能力。
四、答题步骤和对策
针对学生在具体练习过程中存在的以上问题，我们可以运用并掌握以下的阅读方法和策略：
1。略读和跳读
净然法师
所谓略读，是指很快地浏览文章，抓住文章的脉络，弄清文章的大意和写作方法。把握文章逻辑结 构。把握文章逻辑结构对于做主旨题很有帮助，因为文章主题出现的位置对应于 文章逻辑结构中的一个 局部。高考阅读理解文章的主要逻辑结构有：
1〕时间顺序。按时间先后说明某一理论的开展，或某一研究成果由过去至现在的情况。属于这种结构 的主题通常在首段或末段。
2〕 一般一一般。首段做总的说明，其他段落分别说明或具体论述首段的观点。属于这种结构的文章主 题在首段。
3〕具体一一般。前面几段分别说明，末段总结。主题在末段。
4〕比照。进行比照的各事物之间的根本共同点或差异为主题。
5〕分类。分类说明的各大项相加为主题。
3。抓主题句
主题句表达中心思想，其它句子均围绕它进行说明或议论。它在文章中的通常位置为第一段首句、 第一段末句和全文末句等地方。所以阅读时对这些地方要特别关注。
4。概括段落大意，总结全篇中心思想。
整篇文章的中心思想是建立在具体段落中心的根底之上的，各段落中心的整体归纳便是文章的中心 思想，所以在分析总结全篇中心思想时，我们不能只依据只言片语或只看文章的某一些段落，而应观察 全文的结构安排，观察文章的重点，分析故事的开展结局是围绕什么中心来安排的，最后用简明扼要的 文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。例如：
Tlie discovery of a dwarfed 〔矮个的〕“human being" who lived in Flores。 Indonesia， up to 18。000 years ago is changing the way we think about the human family。 This “Flores Human" was three foot tall and her brain was smaller than that If the average chimp 〔黑猩猩〕。yet she and her relatives apparently lived fully human lives。 They seem to have made tools， worked together to find food and cook it。 and perhaps even hurried their dead with ceremony。
It was a major surprise to find tools associated with the new human family member。 The tools are like those formerly seen only with European fossils 〔化石〕from our own species， Homo sapiens 〔智人〕：and the oldest of them were made 94。000years ago。 Homo sapiens is thought to have arrived in the island about 40。000 years ago，
much too late to be responsible for the tools。 If this tiny human外墙外保温系统 made the tools， them the inside structure 〔结构〕of its brain must have been more like our own than a chimp's， despite being just a third the size of ours。
This "new human' was suspected to be a dwarfed ranch of Homo erecms 〔直立人〕。When creatures are separated in regions with rare resources but few enemies， being big is a disadvantage， and evolution tends to shrink them， a process known as island dwarfing。 Could natural selection make a human smaller while keeping---even improving-mental ability？ Quite possibly， believes Christopher Wills of the University of California。
青年在选择职业时的考虑Has the "Flores Human'5 even shown die ability of language？ 1 find it difficult to miagiiie that people could make tools， use fire， and kill large animals without fairly advanced communication。" Wills says。 Did “Flores Human'、possess the basic components of Ininiaii culture -such as the burying of the dead with ceremony ？ Emiliano Bnuier of the Italian Institute points out that Indonesia's hot， wet environment is bad for fossilization。
It is reasonable to assume， he says， that the 18，000-year-old bones of the most complete Flores woman were well-preserved because she was buried with special care。
69。This passage mainly talks about。
A.the took made by "Flores Human 5
B.the language used by "Flores Human〞
C。 the evolution of "Flores Human'、
D。 the major surprising findings about ^Flores Human〞
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