normative statements例子朱荻
In economics and philosophy,a positive statement concerns what"is","was",or"will be",and contains no indication of approval or disapproval(what should be).Positive statements are testable-or,at least,it is possible to imagine facts that disprove them-but can be factually incorrect:"The moon is made of black and gold cheese"is empirically false,but is still a positive statement,as it is a statement about what is,not what should be.Positive statements are contrasted with normative statements,which do make value judgements.中国武术 泰拳
In economics,a normative statement expresses a value judgement about whether a situation is subjectively desirable or undesirable."The world would be a better place if the moon were made of green cheese"is a normative statement because it expresses a judgement about what ought to be. Notice that there is no way of testing the veracity of the statement;even if you disagree with it,you have no sure way of proving to someone who believes the statement that he or she is wrong by mere appeal to facts.Normative statements are characterised by the modal verbs"should","would"or "could".They form the basis of normative economics,and are the opposite of positive statements.
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Normative statement:the statement about what ought to be
规范表述:关于应该是什么的表述
Normal good:is one for which demand increases as income increases
电炉软件Normal profit:the return to a firm’s owner for the owner’s supply of entrepreneurial ability and labor to the firm’s production process.
正常利润:是企业机会成本的一部分，因为它是放弃的另一种用途一经营另一家企业一的成本。 NORWALNatural monopoly:is an industry in which one firm can supply the entire market at a lower price than two or more firms can.
自然垄断:是一个企业可以以低于两个或更多的企业的价格供给整个市场的行业。
Nash equilibrium:If both players are rational and choose their actions in pursuit of his own best interest，the outcome is an equilibrium called Nash equilibrium-first proposed by John Nash.
纳什均衡:如果两个博弈者都理性地选择最佳利益的行动，结果就会出现一种均衡成为纳什均衡，因为它有约翰.纳什提出。
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