The definition of translation
1, The term translation has several meanings: it can refer to the general subject field, the product(the text that has been translated) or the process(the act of producing the translation, otherwise known as translating). The process of translation between two different written languages involves the translator changing an original written text (the source language or ST) in the original verbal language (the source language or SL)into a written text (the target language or TL).
------------- Jeremy Munday, 2001 Introducing Translation Studies Theories and applications
2, Translation兰彻斯特
方程 is the communication of the meaning
of a source-language
text by means of an equivalent
target-language
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undoubtedly antedates writing
, translation began only after the appearance of written literature
.
-------- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
3, Changing (speech or writing) from one language into another
-------------- Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English)
4, translation is no longer a process simply between the source and the target texts with the translator alone in between, but a communicative interaction, a cross-culture event, and a whole complex of action involving team-work among experts, from the client to the recipient, whereby the translator plays his own role as experts.
------------------------Mary Snell Hornby, 2001 Translation Studies An integrated approach
5, ….translation is defined as translational action based on some kind of text. The expression ‘some kind of text’ indicates a broad concept, combining verbal and nonverbal elements, situational clues and ‘hidden’ or presupposed information.
-----------------Chistiane Nord, 2001 Translation as a Purposeful Activity: Function
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6, translation is, of course, a rewriting of an original text….
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------------ Susan Bassnett and Andre Lefevere, 1992 Translation History Culture A Sourcebook
7, A translation is not a monistic composition, but an interpenetration and conglomerate of two
Structures. On the one hand there are the semantic content and the formal contour of the original,
On the other hand the entire system of aesthetic features bound up with the language of the郑小琼
Translation. -------------------Susan Bassnet, 2002
8, the translator, as stated before, does not translate words or individual sentences(unles
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Sentences has text status), but texts. Translation, therefore, is a text-oriented event. It follows from
This that the most pertinent definition of translation is text-oriented: translation is a procedure
Which leads from a written SLT to an optimally equivalent TLT and requires the syntactic,
Semantic, stylistic and text-pragmatic comprehension by the translator of the original.
-------------Wills, 1982
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