外交部公务员内部翻译试题

破茧狂龙何庆清
A global agency is needed for the energy crisis
建立全球机构  应对能源危机
Mohamed ElBaradei       
日灸
穆罕默德·埃尔巴拉迪
范守义翻译
World leaders need to take action on the energy crisis that is taking shape before our eyes. Oil prices are soaring and it looks less and less likely that this is a bubble. The price of coal has doubled. Countries as far apart as South Africa and Tajikistan are plagued by power cuts and there have been riots in several nations because of disruptions to electricity. Rich states, no longer strangers to blackouts, are worried about security of energy supply. In the developing world, 1.6bn people – about a quarter of the human race – have no access to electricity.
能源危机正在我们眼前形成,世界领导人需对此采取行动。石油价格飙升,看上去这越来越不像是一个泡沫了。煤价翻了一番。从南非到塔吉克斯坦相距如此遥远的国家都在遭受电力削减的困扰,因为停电在几个国家都出现了骚乱。富裕国家对于断电黑灯已习以为常,他们担心能源供应保障问题。在发展中国家有16亿人口没有办法得到电力供应,他们占全球人口的四分之一。
Fundamental changes are under way in the energy field the significance of which we have not yet fully grasped. Global demand for energy is rising fast as the population increases and developing countries undergo dramatic economic growth. The International Energy Agency says the world’s energy needs could be 50 per cent higher in 2030 than they are today. Yet the fossil fuels on which the world still depends are finite and far from environmentally friendly. Serious thought needs to be given now to creating viable alternatives. The need for co-ordinated political action on energy and related issues – climate change and poverty, to name but two – has never been more acute. Yet there is no global energy institution in which the countries of the world can agree on joint solutions to the potentially enormous problems we see emerging.
能源领域正在发生一些根本性的变革,其意义我们尚未领悟透彻。随着人口的增加和发展中国家经历巨大的经济增长,全球对能源的需求正在急速上升。国际能源机构称全世界的能源需求到2030年要比现在高出50%。然而目前全世界仍旧依赖的化石燃料是有限的,且对环境极为不友好。现在必须认真思考搞出个可行的其他替代办法。在能源和相关的问题上进行协调政治行动——仅举气候变化和贫穷两例——的需要从未比现在更为紧迫。然而没有一个全球的能源机构,世界各国可以在其中就我们目睹出现的潜在的巨大问题采取共同决议。
We have a World Health Organisation, two global food agencies, the Bretton Woods financial institutions and organisations to deal with everything from trade to civil aviation and maritime affairs. Energy, the motor of development and economic growth, is a glaring exception. Although it cries out for a holistic, global approach, it is actually dealt with in a fragmented, piecemeal way. A number of institutions focus on energy, but none with a mandate that is global and comprehensive and that encompasses all energy forms. The Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries has just 13 members and deals exclusively with oil – from the producers’ perspective. The IEA represents the 27 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries from the consumers’ viewpoint. Only 51 countries, almost all in Europe and Asia, have signed the Energy Charter Treaty, whose focus is limited to issues such as trade, transit and dispute settlement. The United Nations co-ordinating mechanism, UN-Energy, is barely four years old. It has 20 member agencies, an indication of how fragmented the UN’s energy activities are. UN-Energy has no budget or authority and serves as a modest forum for discussion and information-sharing.
我们有了世界卫生组织,两个全球的粮食机构,布雷顿森林协议后成立的金融机构和组织,来应对从贸易到民航和海事等等事宜。能源,这个发展和经济增长的动力则是个十分突出的例外。虽然该问题急需一个整体性的、全球解决办法,实际上,这个问题的处理却是零零星星地进行。有几个机构重点放在能源,但是没有一个得到了全球综合的授命,且涵盖所有的能源形式。欧佩克只有13个成员国,从生产国的角度来看,它搞的仅是石油。从消费者角度来看,国际能源机构代表27个经济合作和发展国家组织。只有51个国家——几乎都在欧洲和亚洲——签署了能源宪章条约,其重点限于贸易,运输和调解争议等问题。联合国的协调机制——联合国能源——仅有4年的历史;它有20个成员机构,可以看出联合国能源的活动是何等零敲碎打。联合国能源既无预算也无权威,仅作为一个小小的论坛来讨论问题和分享信息。
So does the world really need yet another international organisation? Frankly, yes. A global energy organisation would complement, not replace, bodies already active in the energy field. It would bring a vital inter-governmental perspective to bear on issues that cannot be left to market forces alone, such as the development of new energy technology, the role of nuclear power and renewables, and innovative solutions for reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
那么,是否世界真的需要另外一个国际组织吗?坦白地说,是的。一个全球的能源组织将对能源领域现有的组织是一个补充,并非取而代之。它将提供一个政府间的视角,对不能仅留待市场力量解决的问题起影响,如新能源技术,核电的角和可再生能源,以及减少污染和温室气体排放的创新性解决办法。
后藤久美子
A global energy organisation could provide authoritative assessments of global energy demand and supply and bring under one roof energy data that are now dispersed and incomplete. It could speed the transfer of appropriate energy technology to poor countries and give them objective advice on an optimal energy mix that is safe, secure and environmentally sound.
一个全球能源组织能够提供全球能源需求的权威性评估,并将能源数据汇集到同一处,而现在这些数据是分散的,不完整的。它可以加速向贫穷国家进行合适的能源技术转让并就安全的、有保障的、有利环境的最佳能源组合,给他们提出客观的建议。
Such a body could develop a global mechanism to ensure energy supplies in crises and emergencies, and help countries run their energy services and even do it for them temporarily after a war or natural disaster. And it could co-ordinate and fund research and development, especially for energy-poor countries whose needs are often overlooked by commercial R&D.
这样的一个机构能够发展成一个全球的机制,以确保危机和紧急情况出现时能源的供应,且能够帮助一些国家搞好能源服务,甚至在战后或者是自然灾害之后可以暂时代他们搞这些服务;对于那些能源需求常被商业性研发机构所忽略的能源贫乏国家,尤其如此。
The need for joint action to develop long-term solutions to the looming energy crisis is now undeniable. It is difficult to see how this can be done without an expert multinational body, underpinned perhaps by a global energy convention, with the authority to develop policies and practices to benefit rich and poor countries alike, equitably and fairly. We need to act before crisis turns into catastrophe.
对于日渐增大的能源危机,为制定出长远的解决办法采取联合行动的需要现在无可否认。很难想象在没有一个专家型的多国机构的情况下,这一建议怎么能够付诸实现;这个机构要得到全球能源公约的支持,由其权威机构制定政策和实施措施,同样惠及富国和穷国,且公平和公正。我们需要在危机转变成灾难之前行动起来。
Even the pessimists believe we still have at least a few decades before the oil on which the world’s prosperity is built starts to run out. Let us use that time wisely to develop long-term solutions to the world’s energy needs that will benefit all humankind.
甚至是悲观主义者也认为我们依旧有几十年的时间,世界繁荣所依赖的石油开始用竭。让我们利用好这一段时间来制定出能够惠及全人类的、远期的解决世界能源需求的办法。
(范守义译自 Financial Times July 23, 2008)
The author is director-general of the International Atomic Energy Agency. This article represents his personal views
作者系国际原子能机构总干事长。本文代表他个人的观点。
背景介绍:
今天我们无需赘言能源对于人类生存的重要,也无须在此讨论各地域人为争夺赖以生存的资源,包括能源而进行的角逐。国际原子能机构总干事埃尔巴拉迪博士看到了问题的症结所在,提出建立一个全球机构来应对能源危机的构想,确有高瞻远瞩的意味;可是即便这个机构成立了,能否做出点事情,既惠及富国也惠及穷国则是另外一回事了。想想看吧一个全球化问题就已经让参加峰会的领袖们伤脑筋了,何况为能源打仗已经几十年了呢?
穆罕默德·埃尔巴拉迪博士是联合国系统内政府间组织的国际原子能机构总干事。他于1997121日就任现职,并于2005世纪文学年9月第三次获得连任。埃尔巴拉迪博士1942年生于埃及开罗,1962年在开罗大学取得法律学士学位,并于1974年在纽约大学法学院获得国际法博士。200510月,埃尔巴拉迪博士和国际原子能机构被共同授予诺贝尔和平奖,“以表彰他们为防止核能被用于军事目的并确保以最可能安全的方式和平利用核能所作的努力。” 将“ElBaradei”翻译成“巴拉迪”欠妥;“El”在希伯莱语和阿拉伯语中的意思是“the”;与后面的名字不可分;“El”和“Baradei”既然已经被本人拼写到一起了,就必须翻译成“埃尔巴拉迪”,就像“Dupont”不可以翻译成“邦”而是“杜邦”,法国著名电影导演“Leconte”不可以翻译成“孔特”而是“勒孔特”。
The International Energy Agency(IEA):国际能源机构总部设在巴黎,是一个独立的机构,与经济合作和发展组织(OECD)有工作联系。成员国家有澳大利亚 (1979)、奥地利、比利时、加拿大、捷克共和国(2001)、丹麦、芬兰(1992)、法国(1992)、德国、希腊(1977)、匈牙利(1997)、爱尔兰、意大利(1978)、日本、韩国(2001)、卢森堡、荷兰、新西兰 (1977)、挪威、葡萄牙(1981)、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士、土耳其(1981)、英国和美国。欧盟已参与国际能源机构的工作。
Bretton Woods Agreement:1944年7月的前三周,44个国家的代表在新罕布什尔州的布雷顿森林的华盛顿山度假村(Mount Washington Resort)聚会,举行了一次联合国货币和金融会议;会上代表们讨论了战后的欧洲复兴以及一些货币问题,如汇率不稳定和贸易保护政策。代表们达成了布雷顿森林协议,确立了战后的可以兑换的通货,固定汇率和自由贸易的国际货币体制。为实现上述目标,特成立了国际货币组织和重建与发展国际银行(世界银行)。
The two food agencies: 指联合国世界粮食计划(The United Nations World Food Programme/WFP)和粮食与农业组织(FAO)总部都设立在罗马。
The Energy Charter Treaty:《能源宪章条约》1991年12月17日订立于荷兰海牙,包括一系列国际能源、贸易、投资及解决争端的原则。1998年4月,《能源宪章条约》正式生效。
UN-Energy:联合国能源系联合国范围内与能源有关的机构间协调机制,2002年在约翰内斯堡可持续发展世界高峰会议之后创建,其目的是在可持续能源方面,特别在发展中国家,搞一个统一、一致的解决问题的路子,以实现联合国的千年发展目标。2007年10月底联合国工业发展组织总干事云盖拉先生(Mr. Kandeh K. Yumkella)被委任为联合国能源主席,任期2年,自2008年1月1日起。在联合国能源下有20个机构,如非洲经济委员会、欧洲经济委员会,直到联合国系统执行首长协调理事会秘书处。
… an expert multinational body, underpinned perhaps by a global energy convention …:“convention”有“会议”和“公约”两个意思,这里当指“公约”,故译“这个机构要得到全球能源公约的支持”。
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